<p>The Brizendine House is a historic home in downtown Austin, Texas, constructed circa 1870. The building is located on 11th Street and is today surrounded by an annex to the Travis County Courthouse and the Blackwell/Thurman Criminal Justice Center.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located at 507 W 11th Street.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>This simple vernacular rough ashlar house represents the life style of the late 19th century working middle-class family in Austin, Texas. The exterior proportions of the structure reflect Victorian influence. Built of limestone about 1870 by John R. Brizendine (1829–1914), an Austin carpenter, machinist, and miller. Brizendine, a native of Kentucky, lived here until his death. Mrs. Elizabeth Gordon bought the home in 1928, and members of her family lived here until 1972. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1974</p><br>
<p>Elkhorn Tavern is a two-story, wood-frame structure that served as a physical center for the American Civil War Battle of Pea Ridge, also known as the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern, which was fought on March 7 and March 8, 1862, approximately five miles east of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, located in the northeastern Benton County, Arkansas. The tavern, a replica built in 1865 following the burning of the original building by bushwhackers, is now the centerpiece of the Pea Ridge National Military Park, which includes approximately 5,000 acre around the structure, including the restored battlefields, a stretch of the pre-war Telegraph Road, which runs directly in front of the tavern, and a section of the Trail of Tears. The tavern is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Before the war</h2><br>
<p>The first Elkhorn Tavern was built about 1833 by William Ruddick and his son-in-law Samuel Burks, with slave labor used to build the rock foundation and chimneys, and was first known as Ruddick Inn. It was from this tavern that the two families, between 1837 and 1839, watched a portion of the forced Indian migration across the northern course of the Trail of Tears. An early detachment of 336 Cherokees camped near Ruddick Inn on December 23, 1837. By 1839 more than 11,000 Indians had passed the tavern.</p><br>
<p>Following the deaths of William and Betsey Ruddick, Burks became sole proprietor in 1852. In 1858, he sold the house and the 313 acre to his cousins Jesse and Polly Cox for $3600. It was Cox who later renamed it Elkhorn Tavern. Under Cox&#39; management, the structure served as a trading post, an unofficial Butterfield Overland Mail stop, post office, voting place, eating establishment, church of the Benton County Baptist Society, and inn. As the war moved near, Jesse Cox left the tavern to the care of his son and daughter-in-law Joseph and Lucinda Pratt Cox and went to Kansas.</p><br>
<h2>During the Battle of Elkhorn Tavern/Pea Ridge</h2><br>
<p>When the fighting around the tavern began, the Cox family (Joseph and Lucinda Cox, along with Joseph’s mother, Polly) did not leave their home. They grabbed only a few necessities for survival and retreated to the building’s cellar. The family remained in the cellar for three days and nights, March 7–9, 1862, as the battle waged above them. The upper floors of the tavern served as a makeshift hospital for wounded troops, many undergoing surgery and amputations with no anesthetic, and for a short time served as Confederate General Earl Van Dorn&#39;s headquarters. The tavern was hit many times by gunfire during the battle, including a cannonball that tore through the second floor, but the building remained standing.</p><br>
<p>When the fighting finally subsided on March 9, 1862, the scene around the tavern was one of devastation, with the bodies of men and horses scattered across the battlefield and even the trees surrounding the property broken and scarred by the fighting.</p><br>
<h2>After the battle</h2><br>
<p>Following the battle, the Cox family temporarily moved a short distance from the tavern, in order to complete clean up and repair the structure before moving back. It was during this absence that bushwackers struck, burning the tavern to the ground in January 1863.</p><br>
<p>Since the original building’s foundation and chimneys were still in good shape, the Cox family rebuilt on the original foundation and chimneys. The new building was completed in 1865.</p><br>
<h2>A National Park</h2><br>
<p>Elkhorn Tavern remained in the Cox family for nearly a century following the war, with Frances Cox Scot, who was born in the tavern in 1865, inheriting the building after the deaths of her father and mother, Joseph and Lucinda Cox, in 1903 and 1902 respectively. Scot lived and even ran a small Civil War museum in the tavern until 1959, when it was purchased to become part of the newly created Pea Ridge National Military Park. Following the sale, Scot moved to nearby Garfield, Arkansas and died the following year at 95.</p><br>
<p>Once the property was purchased for the Pea Ridge National Military Park, the tavern was renovated to make it more closely resemble the structure from 1862. Today, Elkhorn Tavern is open to visitors from fall to spring, with costumed volunteers giving a lesson on the history and culture of the site and its former residents.</p><br>
<h2>The Elkhorn name</h2><br>
<p>The name for the tavern came from a carpenter who, on his way to the tavern, shot an elk about a quarter mile from the building. He removed the horns and gave them to Jesse Cox, who originally placed them on a pole, but later situated them on the roof ridge between the chimneys. An early set of elk antlers are on display inside the tavern building, though the park routinely replaces the set placed on the roof of the building when they become damaged by the weather or animals.</p><br>
<p>The Goodman Building is a late Victorian style historic commerce building in downtown Austin, Texas. It was constructed as a grocery in the mid-1880s to serve Austinites northwest of the Texas State Capitol. Today is serves as a state government adjunct office. A local bar, "The Cloak Room," occupies the basement and is a favorite for government employees. It is located at 202 W. 13th Street. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in the 1880s for Joseph Goodman, grocer in this block 1877-1924. Jacob Bickler&#39;s German and English academy, elite preparatory school, was on upper floor 1892-1896. Building is noted for rare brick work, ornamental iron.</p><br>
<p>The Carrington–Covert House is a historic building in downtown Austin, Texas, that serves as headquarters of the Texas Historical Commission. It is one of the few surviving pre-Civil War structures in the city. Construction began in 1855 and was essentially complete when on July 7, 1857, the building contractor, John Brandon, settled his account with the owner, Leonidas Carrington. This was fewer than 20 years after Austin was founded.</p><br>
<p>The building has served many purposes. From 1857 to 1870 it was the residence of Leonidas D. Carrington, his wife née Martha Hickman Hill, and their five children. M.L Hemphill bought the property in May 1870. He died five years later; apparently his family continued living there until 1881. John Fields bought the house in 1881, but whether he ever resided there is not known.</p><br>
<p>John Fields rented the house in 1893 to a charity sponsored an Austin women&#39;s group, and from that time until 1898 it served as the "Texas Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital". The clinic operated "on the principle that two-thirds of its patients should be charity cases and the other third paying patients who contributed the funds for keeping the clinic in operation". From 1903 to 1936 the house was the residence of the Covert family, which opened the first car dealership in central Texas in 1909 and in 2014 is still in business in Austin.</p><br>
<p>The Carrington–Covert House is located at 1511 Colorado Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. The Carrington–Covert House was turned over to the Texas Historical Commission to serve as the agency&#39;s headquarters in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission marker text</h2><br>
<p>Leonidas D. Carrington (1816–1897) and his wife, Martha Hill Carrington (1824–1859) came to Austin from Mississippi in 1852. He began to accumulate real estate and on Sept. 15, 1853, bought this block from James M. W. Hall, Austin hotelman, and ten days later opened a mercantile store on Congress Avenue. In 1856 Carrington hired John Brandon, a local architect-contractor, to build on this site a vernacular Greek revival home, constructed of rough limestone ashlar. The house was completed in the spring of 1857. The property was purchased by M. L. Hemphill in 1870 and by the John Fields family in 1881. Fields leased the building, 1893–1898, to the "Texas Eyes, Ear, and Throat Hospital," directed by Dr. Henry L. Hilgartner (1868–1937), and in 1903, sold this site to Frank M. Covert (1865–1938), the head of a prominent Austin family, who lived here until 1936. Later owners rented the structure as a boarding house, residence, and nursery until it was purchased by the State of Texas in 1968. The Texas Historical Commission restored the house in 1972. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1962</p><br>
<p>Le Moustier is an archeological site consisting of two rock shelters in Peyzac-le-Moustier, a village in the Dordogne, France. It is known for a fossilized skull of the species Homo neanderthalensis that was discovered in 1908. The Mousterian tool culture is named after Le Moustier, which was first excavated from 1863 by the Englishman Henry Christy and the Frenchman Édouard Lartet.</p><br>
<p>The Le Moustier skull is estimated to be approximately 45,000 years old. Its characteristics include a large nasal cavity and a somewhat less developed brow ridge and occipital bun, as might be expected in a juvenile.</p><br>
<p>After discovery, the skull was dismantled, cast and reconstructed at least four times. During this process, the skull received considerable amounts of damage; for example, when it was sold to the Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin, a dentist broke the alveolar bone to access the teeth. The skull is now missing many parts, the teeth glued into the wrong position, and it has been dipped into glue, covered with varnish, and painted with plaster. Consequently its scientific value is much reduced.</p><br>
<p>Le Moustier sup.jpgUpper shelter</p><br>
<p>Le Moustier inf.jpgLower shelter</p><br>
<p>Flint, Moustier 1863.jpgFlint handaxe, excavated 1863, British Museum</p><br>
<p>Franks HouseDSCF7158.jpgA box of side scrapers excavated by Lartet and Christy</p><br>
<p>Chiswick Eyot is a small, narrow, uninhabited ait  in the River Thames. It is on the Tideway by Chiswick, in the Borough of Hounslow, London, England, and has an area of 1.1 hectare.</p><br>
<p>The island is beside The Championship Course and is a well-known landmark in the commentary on The Boat Race. A green pole stands on one end of the island, which is used for timings by rowers of that course, at the southwest, church end of the island. Small craft can pass between the island and the Chiswick Mall on the Middlesex bank for about two hours at high tide, but the small channel is generally impassable otherwise, and at low tide it is possible to walk across it to the island.</p><br>
<p>Chiswick Eyot was used during the industrial revolution mostly for the growing of grass and osiers (basket willows, used for basketry, furniture, cart-making, as well as cattle fodder). Much erosion has taken place, and it now becomes fully submerged (excluding trees) at high tide.</p><br>
<p>The London Borough of Hounslow declared the island a local nature reserve of Greater London in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Prior to 1934 when ownership passed to the local council, Chiswick Eyot was owned by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.</p><br>
<p>Chiswick Eyot is one of 43 unbridged tidal islands which can be walked to from the mainland of Great Britain, dating back to the British Iron Age such tidal islands are occasionally associated with being sanctuaries and meeting places; some are named Holy Islands. St. Nicholas Church, Chiswick is 200m west of the island on a slight rise by the river, the tower was built in the 15th century.</p><br>
<p>Columbus Circle is a neighborhood and plaza in the downtown section of Syracuse, New York. Columbus Monument was designed by the Syracuse-born architect, Dwight James Baum in 1934. Columbus Circle is home to Syracuses two cathedrals, the Episcopalian St. Pauls Cathedral and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. As well as County Court House and the County&#39;s John H. Mulroy Civic Center, home of the Onondaga County Government.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The small park was originally a traffic circle surrounded by Victorian era homes. Columbus Circle was first known as Library Circle (1895) and later as St. Mary&#39;s Circle (1901). It was designed in 1934 by Dwight James Baum and is located at Onondaga Avenue, East Jefferson Street and Montgomery Street in Syracuse, New York.</p><br>
<h3>Columbus statue</h3><br>
<p>Over the years, many properties that bordered the circle were razed and a new courthouse and library were constructed. The traffic circle underwent several design changes, the most significant, in 1934, when the statue of Christopher Columbus and associated fountain were erected. At that time, the circle was paved over which closed the area to through traffic.</p><br>
<p>The new features were added by laborers during the Depression-era Works Progress Administration (WPA) program and completed in May 1936. The new Columbus Park was dedicated soon after.</p><br>
<p>The statue, sculpted by Lorenzo Baldo, is surrounded by buildings designed by renowned architects such as Archimedes Russell, Melvin King, James Randall and Michael O&#39;Connor. The circle is listed in both the National Register and Local Preservation District.</p><br>
<h3>Recent years</h3><br>
<p>Columbus Circle is host to many events including the annual Arts & Crafts Festival.</p><br>
<p>Chryso  is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Viniani in Evrytania, Greece. It is located in the Agrafa mountains, near the Tourla rapids. In 2011 its population was 42 for the village and 49 for the community, which includes the village Agios Konstantinos. Its elevation is approximately 720 m. Chryso is located 6 km north of Viniani and 17 km northwest of Karpenisi. The dominant vegetation around Chryso is fir trees. There are many springs near the village, that feed the village water mill. Not many old buildings have been preserved in Chryso, because the village was burned in 1942 by the Italian occupiers and an earthquake in 1966 destroyed many of the remaining buildings. There are three old churches and two 15th century stone bridges over the small river called Chrysiotis.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Central Christian Church is a major church in downtown Austin, Texas affiliated with the Christian Church . Organized in 1847, it is one of the oldest congregations in the city.</p><br>
<p>The church has also been known as Christian Church of Austin. The current church building, featuring Romanesque Revival architecture, was completed in 1929. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>In 1847, eight years after the City of Austin was platted, ten members of the Disciples of Christ Brotherhood met to organize this congregation. Although early records of the church are scarce, it is known that regular worship services were being held in a local school building by 1852. The Christian Church of Austin, as the congregation originally was known, acquired its first property at Eighth and Colorado Streets and worshiped at that site until moving to this location in 1929. An early dispute over theological and procedural matters split the congregation in 1888. Until 1896, when the Rev. S. D. Dutcher was appointed pastor, leaders of the church were selected from among the laity. The fellowship adopted its current name during the early years of the twentieth century, after other Disciples of Christ congregations had been organized in Austin. Although much growth has occurred in the outlying sections of the city, Central Christian Church has remained a vital force in the downtown area. Its ministry has included the establishment of several other congregations. As one of the oldest churches in Austin, Central Christian has provided the city with significant service and leadership. (1985)</p><br>
<p>The Reverend Eric Gates is the current senior minister.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel H. and William T. Caswell Houses are two historic homes in downtown Austin, Texas completed near the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are located at 1404 and 1502 West Avenue, respectively. The Daniel H. Caswell House is home to the Austin Junior Forum, a volunteer organization. The William T. Caswell House is used for office space. Both were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text (Daniel H. Caswell House)</h2><br>
<p>Daniel H. Caswell came to Austin from Nashville, Tennessee, about 1895. He purchased a cotton oil manufacturing company, bought and sold cotton, and in 1899 built a cotton gin. When completed for his family in 1900, this house was located in the far northwest corner of the city. The Caswell house, which exhibits influences of late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Chateauesque style, features a corner turret and porches supported on rusticated piers. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1984</p><br>
<p>Iona Island is a 556 acre bedrock island of the Hudson River in the town of Stony Point, New York. The island is located approximately 1 mi south of the Bear Mountain Bridge and is separated from the Hudson&#39;s western shore by mudflats and freshwater tidal marshes. It is part of Bear Mountain State Park, although it is occasionally listed separately as Iona Island State Park.</p><br>
<p>The island and its adjacent marsh were designated a National Natural Landmark in May 1974, and it is part of the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve. It serves mainly as a bird sanctuary, particularly known as a winter nesting place for bald eagles.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Iona Island is transected by active River Subdivision (CSX Transportation) railroad tracks, but is accessible to the public only by a causeway connecting it to USA Route 9W in Bear Mountain State Park, near Doodletown. It is maintained by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.</p><br>
<p>The southeastern part of the island, once cut off by marshes, is known as Round Island. It was attached to the south end of Iona Island with fill in the early 20th century. The hill on the western side, south of the causeway, was also once treated as separate, and referred to as Courtland Island. Snake Hole Creek originates in the low marshes towards the center of the island and flows southwesterly, then turning to the southeast and finally east in a long crescent to reach the Hudson. It separates the marshes of Salisbury Meadow, on the west side, from Ring Meadow, on the east side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans spent the summers fishing from the island&#39;s shores, and named the island Wa-na-ka-wagh-kin, which has been translated as meaning "good land". Artifacts excavated on Iona Island are on display at the Bear Mountain Trailside Museum and Zoo. In 1683, members of the Van Cortlandt family purchased the land from the natives.</p><br>
<p>It was originally known as Salisbury Island, and later as Weyants Island (for the local Weyant or Weiant family). The island has also been known as Beveridges Island. It was occupied by British troops during the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>In 1847, it was bought by John Beveridge for Dr. E. W. Grant, his son-in-law, who renamed it Iona Island and planted it with Iona grapes and fruit trees. Grant supplied the Union army with produce during the Civil War. In 1868, his creditors foreclosed on the island.</p><br>
<p>The island was purchased by a group of investors, and a summer resort was developed on the island. Grant&#39;s mansion home became a hotel, and the investors gradually added an amusement park with a carousel, Ferris wheel, dance floor, pavilion, and picnic grounds. It also had a dock to accommodate steamboats which brought pleasure-seekers up from New York City and New Jersey. The construction of the West Shore Railroad across the island in 1882 made it even more accessible to tourists.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the island was bought by the USA Navy for use as a naval ammunition depot, becoming one of the largest ammunition facilities in the nation, at that time. On November 4, 1903 an explosion at the site killed six workers, and blew out windows across the river in Peekskill, three miles away. The explosion occurred while men were drawing the explosive charges from a consignment of old shells recently arrived from the battleship Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The depot supplied much of the munitions for both World War I and II, and remained in service until 1947. Approximately five of the original 164 arsenal buildings remain, which the park now uses for storage. Following World War II until the early 70s, the famous "mothball fleet" of decommissioned warships were moored near the island at Tomkins Cove.</p><br>
<p>The island was bought by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission in 1965. In 1974 it was named a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. As an active wildlife sanctuary, Iona Island is currently closed to the public, however the island and its wildlife may be viewed from overlooks on nearby Route 6, as well as from overlooks within Bear Mountain State Park. Although public canoeing and kayaking is prohibited in the marsh itself, free guided canoeing programs to the marsh are offered during the summer. However, the waterway around the marsh are affected by tides and hence are "navigable-in-law" by the public.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The island was the subject of a bioblitz sponsored by the New York State Museum and the New York State Biodiversity Research Institute in September 2000.</p><br>
<h3>List of identified bird species</h3><br>
<p>Kotelny Island  is part of the Anzhu Islands subgroup of the New Siberian Islands located between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea in the Russian Arctic. It is administratively and municipally part of Bulunsky District .</p><br>
<p>Kotelny, Faddeyevsky and Bunge Land are usually named as separate islands on most 20th century maps, although sometimes on the newest maps the name "Kotelny" is applied to the whole island. A flat, low-lying, plain connecting both is known as Bunge Land (Земля Бунге).</p><br>
<p>The total area of Kotelny Island is 23,165 km². Kotelny is one of the 50 largest islands in the world. These merged islands are a practically uninhabited territory belonging to the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was officially discovered by a Russian merchant and hunter, Ivan Lyakhov, with the merchant Protod’yakonov, in 1773. In 1770, Ivan Lyakhov noticed reindeer tracks heading seaward across the sea ice. In 1773, he and Protod’yakonov discovered the Lyakhovsky Islands by boat using the bearing of these tracks. Continuing from the Lyakhovsky Islands, they discovered Kotelny Island and named it "Kettle Island" after a copper kettle, which they found while exploring it. The person(s), who visited Kotelny Island and left the copper kettle, is unknown. Formerly this island had been known as "Thaddeus Island" or "Thaddeus Islands" in some maps.</p><br>
<p>Under the employment of Semen and Lev Syrovatskiy, Yakov Sannikov conducted numerous hunting and cartographic expeditions between 1800 and 1810. On one of these expeditions in 1805, he discovered Faddeyevsky Island. In 1809–1810 Yakov Sannikov and Matvei Gedenschtrom went to the New Siberian Islands on a cartographic expedition. Yakov Sannikov reported the sighting of a "new land" north of Kotelny in 1811. This became the myth of Zemlya Sannikova or "Sannikov Land".</p><br>
<p>In 1886 Baron Eduard Von Toll thought that he had seen an unknown land north of Kotelny. He guessed that this was the so-called "Zemlya Sannikova".</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The western part of Kotelny Island proper, also known as "Kettle Island", is the largest section of the group, with an area of 11,665 km². It is rocky and hilly, rising to 374 m on Mt. Malakatyn-Tas. The Chukochya River flows westwards to the Laptev Sea. Cape Anisy 76.200&deg;N latitude, 139.1167&deg;E longitude is the northernmost headland of Kotelny and it is an important geographical point for it marks the NE limit of the Laptev Sea. Cape Medvezhiyis the southernmost headland of the island.</p><br>
<p>Bunge Land or Zemlya Bunge is a huge empty and almost barren intermediate zone. It is located between Kotelny and Faddeyevsky, which, unlike Bunge Land, could be described as proper islands. Sandy and flat, its area is 6,200 km². Since it rises only to a maximum height of 8 m above sea level, Bunge Land is flooded during storm surges, except for a very small area in the southeast that rises to an elevation of 11 to 21 m above sea level. The area that is periodically submerged accounts for over 80% of the total surface and is practically devoid of vegetation. Bunge Land is named after Russian zoologist and explorer Alexander Alexandrovich Bunge.</p><br>
<p>Faddeyevsky Peninsula (полуостров Фаддеевский) is a large peninsula projecting from the northern end of Bunge Land eastwards with its isthmus in the north. There is a deep inlet on Faddeyevski between its western coast and adjoining Bunge Land. Unlike Kotelny this island is relatively flat despite its size, its highest point being only 65 m. Its area is 5,300 km². Faddeyevsky is covered with tundra vegetation and dotted with small lakes. This island was named after a fur trader called Faddeyev who built the first habitation there.</p><br>
<h3>Adjacent islands</h3><br>
<p>Deep inside the bay on the northern side of Kotelny lies Skrytyy Island (Ostrov Skrytyy) 75.667&deg;N latitude, 140.833&deg;E longitude. It is 11 km long and 5.5 km wide.</p><br>
<p>Very close to Bunge Land&#39;s northwestern coast there are two islands: Zheleznyakov Island (Ostrov Zheleznyakova), right off the NW cape and, east of it, Matar Island (Ostrov Matar). Both islands are about 5 km in length.</p><br>
<p>Nanosnyy Island 76.283&deg;N latitude, 140.416&deg;E longitude is a small island located due north off the northern bay formed by Kotelny and Bunge. It is C-shaped and only 4 km in length, but its importance lies in the fact that it is the northernmost island of the New Siberian group.</p><br>
<p>Figurina Island (Ostrov Figurina) was located about 30 km east of Nanosnyy Island. When discovered in 1822 by P. Anzhu, while he was searching for "Sannikov Land", its area was about 8 to 9 km². At that time, it had sea cliffs as high as 20 m (66 ft). Although marked on maps published in 1926, 1941, and 1945, a Soviet hydrographic expedition conducted in the early 1940s found that Figurina Island no longer existed.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Kotelny Island consists of sedimentary rocks and sediments ranging in age from Early Paleozoic to Late Cenozoic. The oldest rocks fossiliferous shallow- to deep-water marine, Ordovician to Early Devonian limestones and dolomites. Middle Devonian to Carboniferous interbedded limestones, dolomites, sandstones, and conglomerates overlie these sedimentary strata. The Permian to Jurassic strata exposed within Kotelny Island consist of interbedded, fossiliferous mudstones, siltstones, and sandstones. All of these sedimentary rocks are faulted, folded into complex anticlines and synclines, and intruded by thin diabase dikes. Pleistocene to Holocene fluvial sediments, which range in age from 1,500 to greater than 55,000 radiocarbon years BP, underlie stream terraces that lie within the Balyktakh and Dragotsennaya River valleys. Thick permafrost has developed in these sediments.</p><br>
<p>Within Bunge Land and the southwest corner of Kotelny Island, relatively unconsolidated sediments ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Holocene overlie the above folded and faulted sedimentary rocks. The oldest of these sediments are Early Cretaceous alluvial clays, silts, and sands that contain layers of conglomerate, tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, coal, and, at top, rhyolite. The Late Cretaceous sediments are overlain by Late Eocene to Pliocene alluvial sands that contain layers of clay, silt, gravel, brown coal, and lignitized wood. The vast majority of Bunge Land is blanketed by Early Holocene marine sediments. Only in the central and southern parts of Bunge Land do either Late to Early Pleistocene marine sediments or very small patches of highly weathered Prequaternary deposits and bedrock underlie the surface.</p><br>
<p>The surface of Faddeyevsky Island is underlain by unconsolidated sediments ranging in age from Early Cretaceous to Pleistocene. Three very small and isolated exposures indicate that the Early Cretaceous strata are similar to those found in the southwest corner of Kotelny Island. Overlying the Early Cretaceous sediments are alluvial and lacustrine Eocene clays and silts that contains rare beds of sands, brown coal, and gravel. To the north these sediments grade laterally into nearshore marine clays with fossil pelecypods. The Eocene sediments are overlain by fossiliferous, terrestrial and marine Oligocene to Miocene sands that contain subordinate beds of mud, clay, gravel, and brown coal. The Oligocene-Miocene sands accumulated in alluvial, lacustrine, and nearshore marine environments. Overlying the Oligocene-Miocene sands are Pliocene alluvial, lacustrine, and nearshore marine, muds, silts, and sands.</p><br>
<p>Pleistocene deposits blanket most of the surface of Faddeyevsky Island. A layer of Late Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial and lacustrine deposits largely cover the central and southern parts of Faddeyevsky Island. Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits largely cover the northern part of this island. The permafrost is about 400 to 500 m thick. The central plain of Faddeyevsky Island has been highly altered by thermokarst processes. It contains numerous deep erosive cuts created by the seasonal melting of the permafrost. Numerous baydzharakhs, thermokarst mounds, dot the landscape; they are the result of the melting of polygonal ice wedges within the permafrost.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>Rush/grass, forb, cryptogam tundra covers all of Faddeyevsky Island and most of Kotelny Island. It is tundra consisting mostly of very low-growing grasses, rushes, forbs, mosses, lichens, and liverworts. These plants either mostly or completely cover the surface of the ground. The soils are typically moist, fine-grained, and often hummocky.</p><br>
<p>Prostrate dwarfshrub, herb tundra covers all of Bunge Land and the eastern part of Kotelny Island adjacent to it. This type of tundra consists of dry tundra with open to patchy (20–80% cover) vegetation. The dominant plants comprising prostrate dwarfshrub, herb tundra are shrubs, i.e. Dryas spp. and Salix arctica, less than 5 cm tall, graminoids, and forbs. Lichens are also common.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Kotelny Island has a harsh arctic climate, with temperatures only reaching above freezing briefly in the short summer months.</p><br>
<h2>Strategic Importance</h2><br>
<p>Between 1933 and 1993, Kotelny Island hosted an important Soviet naval (Northern Fleet) base. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the base was evacuated and only a civilian arctic research station remained located on the island. In late 2013, the first steps were taken to reactivate the base, with a temporary airstrip for flying in supplies and personnel established by a Russian naval task force that visited the New Siberian Islands during September 2013. Other initial infrastructure and supplies for the base, along with associated personnel were landed by the task force, whose flagship was the Kirov class Battlecruiser Petr Velikiy.</p><br>
<p>In September 2014, the 99th Tactic Arctic Group permanently established the base by beginning construction of a runway, pier and accommodation for troops and their families. The airfield is now able to receive Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft all year long which significantly improves the bases ability to re-supply. The base is known as the Northern Shamrock.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Part of the action of Jules Verne&#39;s novel César Cascabel (1890), takes place on Kotelny Island. There the European protagonists encounter 350–400 members of a "Finnish tribe" who make their living by whaling and sealing.</p><br>
<p>Ada Međica  is an island and an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade&#39;s municipality of Novi Beograd. Ada Međica is an ovally shaped river island in the Sava river, a 1.5 km long and 200 m wide. It is located just north of the central part of the much larger Ada Ciganlija.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name of the island, Ada Međica, is Serbian for border river island as for the centuries the Sava river was a border of many states (Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Hungary, Serbia, Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, etc.). The island is on the borderline today too as it belongs to the municipality of Novi Beograd, and 100 m away Ada Ciganlija belongs to the municipality of Čukarica.</p><br>
<p>The island was previously, at least until the World War I, also known as Ada Zanoga.</p><br>
<p>In 1962 first settlers began visiting the island when the first stilt houses were constructed. The very first one was a tree house constructed by, an architect and artsts, nicknamed Peđa Isus (Jesus).</p><br>
<p>When a 3 km long international swimming marathon "Ada Međica" was organized in July 2016, a non-exploded, 50 kg heavy World War II bomb was discovered near the island&#39;s tip, at the depth of 11 m. The bomb was removed and destroyed. The marathon, known as one of the rare swimming events in Serbia which includes swimming upstream, is planned as an annual event and the second outing in 2017 was dedicated to the celebration of 55 years since the first houses were built on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>One of the local communities which constitute the neighborhood of Blokovi of Novi Beograd was named Ada Međica in the 1990s, with a population of 4,636 in 2002. Local community was later abolished and the island is now part of the local community "Sava".</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>The island is forested with 250 wildly grown oak trees, between 50 and 100 years old, majority originating from the 1920s. In 2015-17 some 2,500 seedlings of pedunculate oak and ash were planted throughout the island.</p><br>
<p>The forest was a habitat for the sparrows, mallards and pigeons, but by the 2010s they were almost completely wiped out by the growing population of crows. Two large flocks of the wild geese live on the island and are an attraction for the visitors. Other birds which can be found on the island include blue tits, woodpeckers, pheasants, collared doves, herons, jays and hen harriers.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>Ada Međica has no resident population, but has 87 weekend-stilt houses and 202 house-boats owned by the residents of Belgrade. Maximum size of the stilt house or the house-boat is 25 m&sup2;. Necessary electricity is provided by the solar panels. Water was conducted through the pipe on the Sava river bed and a mini-waterworks with five taps was built on the island. During summer, over 2,000 Belgraders spend weekends on Ada Međica, which is accessible only by small boats, including the seasonal boat line from the Block 44. Leisure activities include swimming, walking and barbecues, as the area is nearly intact and without touristic facilities. Only the eastern, upstream tip of the island is concreted to prevent the erosion. The Sava river&#39;s stream is so strong that it pushes the island 50 to 100 meters per year in the downstream direction. The island is regularly flooded by the river and an operation of "anchoring" the island is deemed too expensive by the local authorities. During the floods, the island is regularly covered with mud and usually flooded so much that the boats have to be used for the transportation from one stilt house to another. There are two small beaches, officially classified as the "wild beaches". One is near the northern, concreted tip and the other is a sandy beach close to the southern tip.</p><br>
<p>Mount Burnett is a mountain in Kahurangi National Park, in Golden Bay, New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The mountain hosts an unusual geography, and a number of species of shrubs and sedge are endemic to this mountain, and it is host to a large population of the critically endangered Powelliphanta gilliesi gilliesi subspecies of giant land snails.</p><br>
<p>It is also home to an open cast dolomite mine, operated by Sollys Transport a local Golden Bay company. The Mount Burnett dolomite mine is the only source of the mineral, an important agricultural fertilizer, in New Zealand. The mine employs about 20 people. An extension to the mine was declined by the Minister for Conservation, Chris Carter in 2004. Mining is opposed by environmental groups including the Forest and Bird Protection Society.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple in Downtown Berkeley, California is a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located at 2105 Bancroft Way at the corner of Shattuck Avenue, just one block west of the University of California, Berkeley. The Classical Revival style building, designed by William H. Wharff, was built in 1905. The building was built for Berkeley&#39;s Masons, who started a local lodge in 1882 and formed the Berkeley Masonic Temple Association to build the temple. In 1944, the building was converted to a bank. The ground floor of the building is now unoccupied and the remaining floors are used by University staff, including the California Center for Innovative Transportation and the National Writing Project.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register on July 15, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Guelta d&#39;Archei is probably the most famous guelta in the Sahara. It is located in the Ennedi Plateau, in north-eastern Chad, south-east of the town of Fada. The Guelta d&#39;Archei is inhabited by several kinds of animals, most notably the West African crocodile . Middle Holocene remains, as well as rock paintings, indicate that this species once thrived across most of today&#39;s Sahara Desert and in swamps and rivers along South Mediterranean shores. The small group of surviving crocodiles in the Guelta d&#39;Archei represents one of the last colonies known in the Sahara today; the Tagant Plateau colony in Mauritania has likely been extinct since 1996.</p><br>
<p>It is a barren place, away from beaten paths; reaching it by land requires a 4x4 and at least four days&#39; travel from n&#39;Djamena, Chad&#39;s capital. The place depicted in the picture can only be reached by a 30-minute&#39; trek from the nearest point a 4x4 can approach.</p><br>
<p>Humber Bay is a bay of Lake Ontario south of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located between Ontario Place on the east and Mimico Creek to the west. The bay gives its name to Etobicoke&#39;s Humber Bay neighbourhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to 1800 the bay was lined with a sandy shore with forest behind it. The area remained natural until later in the 19th century when it became developed with boathouses and various roadhouses and hotels. The Toronto Harbour Commission reshaped the waterfront, infilling the shoreline by 100 yards from the Humber River east to Wilson Park Avenue. In the 1970s, the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority built Humber Bay Park at the foot of Park Lawn Avenue. The only remaining natural shoreline is that east of Wilson Park Avenue, showing a small bluff to the lake side.</p><br>
<h2>Humber Bay postal village</h2><br>
<p>The western riverbank of the Humber where it meets Lake Ontario was the site of an informal settlement of homes within the then Etobicoke Township. This neighbourhood was eventually cleared for the building of the Queen Elizabeth Way highway, the railway and other projects. Along Lake Shore Boulevard West in the same vicinity, the area was settled, then cleared for motels, and now cleared for condominium towers. The area is still informally known as Humber Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Half Moon Bay</h2><br>
<p>Half Moon Bay is the crescent shaped area between Humber Bay, the Western Channel entering Toronto Harbour (from Fort Rouillé to Strachan Avenue).</p><br>
<p>The area was a site of the landing of American troops during the Battle of York on April 27, 1813.</p><br>
<p>Today Half Moon Bay is partially covered by infill along Lake Shore Boulevard and by Ontario Place.</p><br>
<p>Longview Lake is a 930 acre freshwater reservoir in parts of Kansas City, Lee&#39;s Summit, and Grandview, all in Jackson County, Missouri. The reservoir is part of USA Army Corps of Engineers Little Blue River Project for flood control, recreation, and fish and wildlife conservation. The lake is located in the 4,852 acre Longview Lake Park, which is managed by Jackson County Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Little Blue River Project was authorized by the USA Congress in 1968. Thereafter the USA Army Corps of Engineers purchased a portion of Longview Farm, a location once known as The World&#39;s Most Beautiful Farm.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the Longview Dam began in 1979 and was completed in 1985. The park opened in 1986, and draws an average of one million visitors per year.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Longview Lake offers a variety of water recreation activities:</p><br>
<p>Boating: Power boating, jet skis and similar personal water craft are allowed on the lake. A full-service marina is available for concessions, fuel, fishing supplies, and slip rental.</p><br>
<p>Fishing: Longview Lake is stocked with a wide variety of fish species to please anglers. They include bluegill, largemouth bass, carp, channel catfish, crappie, and walleye.</p><br>
<p>Swimming beach: A full acre of sand makes for plenty of room to sunbathe, join in a game of beach volleyball, or enjoy the water.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding Longview Lake Park presents opportunities for camping, golf, softball, equestrian activities, picnicking, hiking and biking, and radio-controlled aircraft flying. A popular seasonal activity is "Christmas in the Park". Over 300,000 bulbs and 175 animated figures set a festive holiday mood in a free drive-through. The event, first held in 1988, draws an estimated 200,000 visitors each holiday season.</p><br>
<h2>Around the lake</h2><br>
<p>JM Barker  National Historic Reserve is 33 hectares of kopi forest which was created to protect Moriori tree carvings called momori-rakau .</p><br>
<p>The reserve is located at the north-eastern end of Chatham Island, the main island in the Chatham Islands, close to Hanson Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hapupu was gifted to the New Zealand government in 1979 by Barker Bros (Brothers AND Sisters) Ltd.</p><br>
<p>It is one of only two national historic reserves in New Zealand. This designation reflects the particular importance of Hapupu both culturally and spiritually for the Moriori of Rekohu</p><br>
<p>(Chatham Islands).</p><br>
<p>The momori rakau are among the few visible remaining signs of pre-European contact Moriori culture. The carvings depict Moriori karapuna (ancestors) and symbols of the natural world, such as patiki (flounder) and the hopo (albatross). During the review in late 1998 here were found 82 trees with carvings.</p><br>
<p>Numbers of momori rakau have been steadily declining due to; the age of the host trees, stock grazing, wind and in earlier years: people removing the carvings as souvenirs.</p><br>
<p>The reserve was fenced in 1980 to provide protection for the tree carvings from grazing stock and this is now showing very good recovery.</p><br>
<p>Planning is underway between the Department of Conservation (DOC) and the Moriori people to secure a small portion of the reserve for contemporary Moriori carvers to begin a new generation of momori-rakau.</p><br>
<p>Barker Bros, recently sold most of their remaining farmland, including that which surrounds Hapupu, to Hokotehi Moriori Trust, the mandated body responsible for Moriori assets, acquisitions and negotiations.</p><br>
<p>The momori rakau have been the subject of much debate throughout the years mainly about the purpose behind them. One author has even released a book in 2007 in which he broadly claims that the carvings depict mainly birds and has even given these carvings a new name "manu -moriori" which could be translated to mean bird people. Chatham Island Moriori representatives are not supportive of the release or sale of this book as it is another example of someone making money out of the cultural and intellectual property rights of Moriori.</p><br>
<p>Moriori do not consider themselves to be Bird People" either, but can rightfully claim synergy with the creations of nature all around them. Moriori have been the guardians of Rekohu since the dawn of time and were doing a pretty good job until they were interrupted in 1791 by a European discovery.&#39;</p><br>
<p>The only recorded example of a Moriori committing a carving to a tree on the Chatham Islands dates back to the 1840s when a Moriori carved a tree on after burying his murdered wife and child next to it. This example also has no relevance to birds.</p><br>
<p>Perak River  is the second longest river in Peninsular Malaysia after Pahang River in Pahang, Malaysia. A number of towns are on the banks of the river including the royal town of Kuala Kangsar. Most of the settlements in what is today Perak were situated near the river until the 19th century, when tin deposits were discovered elsewhere, most notably Ipoh. The source of Sungei Perak is in the mountainous Perak-Kelantan-Thailand border of the Belum Forest Reserve. Some of the branches of the river are the Bidor River and the Kinta River. The Temenggor Dam has created a large man-made lake at Banding near Grik.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of the streams that flows into the Perak River is known locally as the Sungai Kangsar (Kangsar River). The portion that enjoins the main Perak River is known as Kuala. Overlooking the river bank there is a hill where the British Resident for Perak resided and appropriately named as Bukit Residen (Residence Hill). During the British occupation the British Resident being Advisor to the Sultan will conduct the Council Meeting with the Sultan and Chieftains from the districts at Bukit Residen. The council meeting was usually a pompous event with Chieftains coming with sailing boats and the Royalty and palace officials came riding on elephants. The subjects camped at the foot of the Bukit Residen for days as the Council Meeting was usually more than three days. For the subjects the Council meeting was a festival where they congregated at river bank. The subjects and locals had free flows of food and cultural activities at the river bank. Thus the local dialects named the confluence of Kangsar River and Perak River as Kuala Kangsar, Kangsar was coined from the word Council and Kuala means confluence of river.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>The Perak is mentioned in Rudyard Kipling&#39;s story The Crab That Played with the Sea (published as one of the Just So Stories). There, the man complains to his creator, the eldest magician, about the tides running into and out from the Perak: "Once a day and once a night the Sea runs up the Perak river and drives the sweet-water back into the forest, so that my house is made wet; once a day and once a night it runs down the river and draws all the water after it, so that there is nothing left but mud, and my canoe is upset."</p><br>
<p>The Westonzoyland Pumping Station Museum of Steam Power and Land Drainage is a small industrial heritage museum dedicated to steam powered machinery at Westonzoyland in the English county of Somerset. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The museum is housed in a 1830 brick-built pumping station which was the first of several similar pumping stations to be built on the Somerset Levels which are prone to flooding. The main attraction is the 1861 Easton and Amos steam engine and pump, the only one still in its original location and in working order. The museum, which is run by a charity, also restores and displays a number of other steam engines and pumps. The steam for the moving exhibits is provided by a Marshall portable boiler. The Westonzoyland Light Railway, a short narrow-gauge railway runs the length of the site and is used to carry wood for the boiler.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Somerset Moors and Levels, formed from a submerged and reclaimed landscape, consist of a coastal clay belt only slightly above mean sea level, with an inland peat belt at a lower level behind it. Early attempts to control the water levels were possibly made by the Romans (although records only date from the 13th century), but were not widespread. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that drainage of the higher grounds was under way. In the Middle Ages, the monasteries of Glastonbury, Athelney and Muchelney were responsible for much of the drainage. Efforts to control flooding on the Parrett were recorded around 1129. In 1234, 722 acre were reclaimed near Westonzoyland and, from the accounts in Glastonbury Abbey&#39;s rent books, this had increased to 972 acre by 1240. Flooding of adjacent moor land was partially addressed during the 13th century by the construction of a number of embankment walls to contain the Parrett. They included Southlake Wall, Burrow Wall and Lake Wall. The River Tone was diverted by the Abbot of Athelney and other land owners into a new embanked channel, joining the Parrett upstream from its original confluence.</p><br>
<p>In 1500, there was 70,000 acre of floodable land of which only 20,000 acre had been reclaimed. In 1597, 50 acre of land were recovered near the Parrett estuary; a few years later, 140 acre near Pawlett were recovered by means of embankments; and three further reclamations, totalling 110 acre, had been undertaken downstream of Bridgwater by 1660. In the early 17th century, during the time of King James I, abortive plans were made to drain and enclose much of Sedgemoor, which the local Lords supported but opposed by the Commoners who would have lost grazing rights. In 1632, Charles I sold the Crown&#39;s interest in the scheme, and it was taken over by a consortium that included Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, a Dutch drainage engineer. However, the work was delayed by the English Civil War and later defeated in Parliament after local opposition. In 1638, it was reported that nearly 2,600 acre of Tealham and Tadham Moors were not reclaimed, with a total of 30,500 acre being undrained. Between 1785 and 1791, much of the lowest part of the peat moors was enclosed. In 1795, John Billingsley advocated enclosure and the digging of rhynes (a local name for drainage channels, pronounced "reens" in the east and rhyne to the west) between plots, and wrote in his Agriculture of the County of Somerset that 4,400 acre had been enclosed in the last 20 years in Wedmore and Meare, 350 acre at Nyland, 900 acre at Blackford, 2,000 acre at Mark, 100 acre in Shapwick and 1,700 acre at Westhay. Little attempt was made during the 17th and 18th centuries to pump water, possibly because the coal-driven Newcomen steam engines would have been uneconomical. It is unclear why windmills were not employed, as they were on the Fens of East Anglia, but only two examples have been recorded on the Levels: one at Bleadon at the mouth of the River Axe, where a sea wall had been built, and the other at Common Moor north of Glastonbury, which was being drained following a private Act of Parliament in 1721.</p><br>
<p>The first mechanical pumping station on the Somerset Levels was built in 1830 to drain the area around Westonzoyland, Middlezoy and Othery. The success of the drainage system led to the formation of other drainage boards and the construction of other pumping stations. The pump at Westonzoyland originally comprised a beam engine and scoop wheel (like a water wheel running backwards) but, after 25 years, there were problems pumping the water away because the land had dropped as it dried out despite the wheel being raised 15 in in 1843. A better method was sought, and in 1861 the present Easton and Amos pump was installed. The Westonzoyland pump lifts water from the rhyne (pronounced reen) into the River Parrett. The pump operated until 1951, by which time the local drainage system had been linked into King&#39;s Sedgemoor Drain, which discharged further down the River Parrett; the water levels dropped and the pump was unable to draw the water from the rhyne. Additionally, the Parrett riverbank has now been raised by some 8 ft in the vicinity of the pumping station and the opening to the river, from the base of the pump-well, is now bricked up. In 1951 a diesel pump, with a capacity of 50 tons per minute, was installed by the Environment Agency in an adjacent building meaning that the steam pump was no longer needed.</p><br>
<p>The station itself is a Flemish bond brick-built property with a slate hipped roof and chimney rising to 71 ft in height. A cottage section was added alongside it in the 1860s, to provide accommodation for the station-keeper. Originally given a Grade II listing, the property was upgraded to Grade II* by English Heritage since it is now the only surviving station that still houses a functioning engine. Beside the cottage is a long single-storey building that houses a 1914 Lancashire boiler; this was used to provide steam. Next to it is a forge, where the keeper would have made a number of his own tools. The boiler required constant running and thus consumed a good deal of coal.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1976, members of the Somerset Industrial Archaeology Society began restoration of the site. The Westonzoyland Engine Trust achieved charitable status in 1980 and in 1990 bought the site from the owners, Wessex Water. The structure of the engine house has been stabilised and the pump house and chimney rebuilt. A new exhibition hall has also been built.</p><br>
<p>Up until early 2010, the keepers cottage had been off-limits to visitors. Two of the ground-floor rooms have now been opened: the living-room is furnished in a 1930s/40s style, while the old kitchen area currently holds a couple of display cases, with a view to showing hitherto unseen artefacts from the museums collection of smaller items. The upper floors remain closed to visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>At the western end of the site is the pump house. It houses the 1861 engine which was built by Easton and Amos of London, to a design patented in 1858 by Charles Amos. It is a twin-cylinder, vertical condensing engine, driving a centrifugal pump developed by John Appold. A similar engine was on display at The Great Exhibition of 1851 and was shown to be able to lift 100 tons of water per minute, to a height of 6 ft. The engine was originally powered by Cornish boilers, but these were replaced in with 1914 Lancashire boiler, with two fire tubes, made by Fred Danks. The boiler is beyond economic restoration.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the Easton and Amos pump, a collection of steam and diesel engines with connections either to the area or to pumping have been assembled on site and regular steam days are held. The oldest item dates from the early 19th century, through to several Victorian engines and onward to the 20th century. These are housed in several different buildings and areas: the exhibition hall, the courtyard, the "wiggly shed", the pump room and the engine house itself. Most of the machines are in running order, although some are still awaiting restoration.</p><br>
<p>Steam is provided by an elderly Marshall portable boiler – essentially a portable engine without the actual engine. It was built in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire in 1938 before being used by Thames Water as a stand by steam generator. It was given to Kew Bridge Steam Museum (now the London Museum of Water & Steam) before being passed on to the Westonzoyland Museum and then restored with a grant from the Preservation of Industrial and Scientific Materials Foundation (PRISM). The boiler provides steam at 50 Pounds per square inch (psi) to the other exhibits. It has been fitted with two whistles, one from Wattstown and the other from Ty Mawr Collieries in Wales, both of which were donated by the National Coal Board. Along with the boiler in the outdoor courtyard area are a waterwheel pump unit built by G. H. Harris of Wadebridge, a Lee Howl pump and Lister deep well pump.</p><br>
<p>Engines by a range of other manufacturers are on display. These include quick revolution engines by Belliss and Morcom, Robey & Co., Easton and Johnson and Sissons. There are horizontal engines by W. and F. Wills and by J. Culverwell, of Bridgwater. The Culverwell machine is a horizontal single cylinder steam engine originally used in Holt&#39;s Brewery at Burnham-on-Sea, while the Wills engine was used in a brickworks.</p><br>
<p>Additional exhibits include two small de Laval steam turbines by Greenwood & Batley, and a small Wessex steam turbine milk bottle washer. A winch used to move railway wagons at Hemyock Dairy near Wellington was built by J. Lynn of Sunderland. There is a runnable Crossley diesel engine dating from 1935. There is a Spirax Sarco Ogden pump used to pump condensate from steam lines. The collection includes the boiler which powered the Telescopic Bridge, Bridgwater.</p><br>
<p>Westonzoyland Light Railway is a short narrow-gauge railway running alongside the pumping station. It was constructed after the closure of the pumping station to move heavy machinery around the site and is used to transport timber from the wood pile to the boiler. The engines used are a Simplex diesel locomotive, built in 1968, which was previously at the Minworth Sewage Treatment Works in Sutton Coldfield and a 1949 Lister rail-truck previously used by the Eclipse Peat Company at Ashcott. A steam winch built by John Lynch of Sunderland is used to move one of the truck up an inclined place to demonstrate how this would have been done in goods yards and docks.</p><br>
<p>Col d&#39;Izoard  is a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Hautes-Alpes in France.</p><br>
<p>It is accessible in summer via the D902 road, connecting Briançon on the north and the valley of the Guil in Queyras, which ends at Guillestre in the south. There are forbidding and barren scree slopes with protruding pinnacles of weathered rock on the upper south side. Known as the Casse Déserte, this area has formed a dramatic backdrop to some key moments in the Tour de France, and often featured in iconic 1950s black-and-white photos of the race.</p><br>
<h2>Cycle racing</h2><br>
<h3>Details of the climb</h3><br>
<p>From the south, the climb starts at Guillestre from where it is 31.5 km in length, at an average gradient of 4.8%. The climb proper starts at the junction with the D947, near Chateau Queyras from where the ascent is 15.9 km long. Over this distance, the climb gains 1,095 m at an average of 6.9% and a maximum sustained gradient of 10%.</p><br>
<p>The climb from Briançon, to the north-west, via Cervières to the col is 19 km in length, climbing 1,105 m at an average gradient of 5.8% and a maximum gradient of 8.9%.</p><br>
<p>On both sides mountain pass cycling milestones are placed every kilometre. They indicate the current height, the height of the summit, the distance to the summit, as well as the average slope in the following kilometre.</p><br>
<p>In general, the col is closed from October to early June.</p><br>
<h3>Tour de France</h3><br>
<p>The Col dIzoard is frequently on the route of the Tour de France, where it is frequently classified as an Hors Categorie climb.Warren Barguil won the 2017 Tour de Frances Stage 18, becoming the first cyclist to win a Tour de France stage that finished on the Col d&#39;Izoard - it has been on the route 34 times previously in the Tour de France since 1922 but never before had a stage finished there.</p><br>
<p>Several of the Tour de Frances more memorable moments have occurred on the Col dIzoard, particularly the exploits of Fausto Coppi, Bernard Thévenet and Louison Bobet. A small cycling museum is at the summit, along with a memorial to Coppi and Bobet.</p><br>
<h4>Appearances in the Tour de France</h4><br>
<p>Pedra Branca is a rock islet or small island, located in the Southern Ocean, off the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated approximately 26 km south southeast of South East Cape and is contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. An erosional remnant of the Tasmanian mainland, the island is approximately 270 m long, 100 m wide, with an elevation of 60 m above sea level. The island is estimated to have separated from the Tasmanian mainland at least 15,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Features and location</h2><br>
<p>Pedra Branca is known for its inaccessibility, rich marine wildlife, wet and windy weather, interesting geology and large waves. With an area of 2.5 hectare, the island is small enough to provide an example of an outcrop that lies on the border between being a rock or islet and an island. The geology features three breccia cones of dolerite and sandstone.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<p>The only plant species found on the island is the succulent Sarcocornia quinqueflora. Recorded breeding seabird species include fairy prion, Pacific gull, silver gull, kelp gull, black-faced cormorant, Australasian gannet, and shy albatross.</p><br>
<p>Remarkably, the tiny, windswept island is the only known habitat of a species of lizard, the Pedra Branca skink, Niveoscincus palfreymani. An estimated 400 individuals survive, but the species is listed as vulnerable.</p><br>
<h4>Important Bird Area</h4><br>
<p>Together with the nearby Eddystone and Sidmouth Rock the island constitutes the 2 hectare Pedra Branca Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports over 1% of the world populations of shy albatrosses and Australasian gannets.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Abel Tasman led the first known European expedition to sight Tasmania. His journal entry for 29 November 1642 records that he observed a rock which was similar to a rock named Pedra Branca off China, presumably referring to the Pedra Branca in the South China Sea. The journal places Pedra Branca "about four miles" from the mainland of Tasmania; a Dutch mile from this period was about 5.8 km, thus 4 such Dutch miles would be 23 km, which is close to the actual distance of Pedra Branca from South East Cape.</p><br>
<h3>Shipwreck</h3><br>
<p>On 7 February 1973 Nisshin Maru No. 8, a Japanese steel fishing vessel of 254 LT led by Captain Nakayama, on its way to Hobart for a mechanical inspection, hit Pedra Branca and sank in deep water within a few minutes. In the ensuing confusion only one of the crew of 22, engineer Yoshiichi Meguro, managed to clamber onto the rocks and escape drowning. The fishing vessel Walrus rescued the survivor.</p><br>
<p>The Nisshin Maru No. 8 disaster led to considerable improvements in communications between the various authorities that should have been able to mount a rescue operation many hours before this one was commenced. These included direct links between Japanese fishing boats and Australian shore stations, and correcting the inability of fishing vessels to directly contact warships and military aircraft, as they were unable to contact the Hobart emergency radio station which did not operate at night.</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>Weather conditions in the area can be extreme, and Pedra Branca is occasionally swept by freak waves. On 15 April 2003, oceanographer Hamish Saunders drowned after being washed off Pedra Branca. The Tasmanian Coroner&#39;s report includes testimony from three witnesses who described how Saunders was swept away when a "wave hit the island resulting in heavy spray coming up to and over the 45 m level". Waves were measured that day at up to 13.8 m by the Cape Sorell Waverider Buoy, some 100 km away.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Pedra Branca is Portuguese for "white rock". According to historian Kenneth McIntyre, Pedra Branca is one of only two Australian places with a name of Portuguese origin, the other being the Houtman Abrolhos islands in Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Surfing</h2><br>
<p>Pedra Branca is home to a big wave surf break at a reef approximately 40 km offshore. Marty Paradisis was the first person to surf it. later, In 2008 Ross Clarke-Jones and Tom Carroll joined local surfers Marti Paradisis and brothers James and Tyler Hollmer-Cross to shoot a story about it which was featured on 60 Minutes.</p><br>
<p>On 1 January 2016, a picture of Pedra Branca with seals and birds chasing fish, was the worldwide feature photograph for National Geographic. The picture was taken in late 2015 by Andy Chisholm who was among a group of surfers who had gone to surf and photograph the big waves. Another surfer, James Hollmer-Cross, was wiped out by a wave, broke his leg in two places, perforated an ear drum, tore a knee ligament and suffered a compression fracture in his shin bone.</p><br>
<p>Lake Leschenaultia, Western Australia is a former railway dam that is now a recreational lake in the Shire of Mundaring just north of the location of an important railway stopping place on the original Eastern Railway. The dam holds approximately 520 million litres of water.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located off Rosedale Road in Chidlow, about 45 minutes from Perth by car in the Perth Hills.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leschenaultia is a man-made lake constructed c.1897 as key infrastructure for the Western Australian Government Railways. It is the largest reservoir constructed on the Eastern Railway line and supplied water to steam trains for almost 50 years. Since 1949 it has been used as a recreation area for both locals, interstate and overseas visitors. Many locals learned to swim at the Lake, especially before the 1960s when there were no public swimming pools available locally. In 2005, Lake Leschenaultia gained a heritage listing based on the railway history, recreational significance and other factors. In 2006, the 40m timber jetty (constructed in 1971) was removed due to safety issues and has since been replaced with a pontoon. Since early in 2007, Lake Leschenaultia has been the venue for the monthly local market.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions and facilities</h2><br>
<p>The recreational area adjoining the lake is managed by the Shire of Mundaring, which currently does not charge an entry fee (January 2013). However, costs apply for camping, canoe hire and picnic area hire. The lake is advertised as offering a number of attractions, including picnics and camping; physical activities such as bushwalking, canoeing and swimming; and views of native flora and fauna, such as birdwatching. Facilities provided include a café, kiosk, toilets, playground, barbecues, picnic areas, grassed areas, camp ground with camp kitchen and walking and cycling trails. No dogs or fishing are allowed.</p><br>
<p>Pylaia  is a municipality of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and a former municipality in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pylaia-Chortiatis, of which it is a municipal unit. Pylaia covers 24.379 km with 4,5 km of coastline extending along the shores of the Thermaic Gulf and had a population of 34,625 inhabitants at the 2011 census. Pylaia is relatively sparsely populated for a municipality within the Thessaloniki Urban Area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first reference to Pylaia is found in the historian Thucydides, in 319 BC, under the name Strepsa. It was later known as Kapoutzida, from the Turkish word kapıcı ("gatekeeper"), deriving from the guards watching over the city walls of Byzantine Thessaloniki. The current name came into general use in 1927, and is derived from the word Pyle (πυλη), meaning gateway and referring to the Eastern Entrance of the city.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Paschalis Terzis, singer</p><br>
<h2>Communities</h2><br>
<p>Eleones</p><br>
<p>The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic property in Anoka County, Minnesota. It is located at 2332 Swedish Drive in Ham Lake, Minnesota. The Late Victorian style church was built in 1872 to the design of architect Per August Gustafson. The church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is owned and maintained by the congregation of Our Savior’s Lutheran Church of East Bethel, Minnesota and is also known as Our Saviors Lutheran Church of Ham Lake. Both churches are affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The following is the text of a plaque hanging on the front of the church. It was placed there as part of a Eagle Scout project in the spring of 2005. It provides an accurate portrayal of the history of the church which was collected from personal accounts and the Anoka County historical records.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, the churchs congregation moved to another facility however the church is used for worship purposes at various times of the year. The congregation now refers to the chapel Our Saviors Chapel.</p><br>
<p>The James J. Hill House in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was built by railroad magnate James J. Hill. The house, completed in 1891, is near the eastern end of Summit Avenue near the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The house, for its time, was very large and was the "showcase of St. Paul" until James J. Hill&#39;s death in 1916. It is listed as a USA National Historic Landmark, operated by the Minnesota Historical Society. It is also a contributing property to the Historic Hill District.</p><br>
<p>The home has 36,000 square feet (3,344 square meters) of living area and 44,552 square feet of total space.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hill bought three lots on Summit Avenue in 1882, during an era when wealthy citizens were scrambling to build fashionable homes in the neighborhood. The street offered a commanding view of downtown St. Paul and the Mississippi River area, making it a highly desirable location. The family previously lived in the Lowertown area in St. Paul, near Ninth and Canada streets. As new warehouses and railroad tracks crowded the Lowertown residential area, and as Hill&#39;s collection of paintings and sculpture overflowed the house, the Hill family thought it was desirable to move. Hill also realized that recent improvements in home technology, such as electric lighting, plumbing, ventilation, and fireproofing, could be incorporated into a new home. Moreover, since Hill was becoming a socially prominent person in the community, a new home would stand as a tribute to his status as the "Empire Builder".</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by an East Coast architectural firm, Peabody, Stearns and Furber, at a time when other homes in the neighborhood were designed by local architects such as Clarence Johnston and Cass Gilbert. The house was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, with a massive, rugged style featuring randomly sized blocks of stone, sturdy pillars, rounded arches, and a generally strong horizontal emphasis. Hill supervised the design and construction closely. As an example, when the Lewis Comfort Tiffany Company submitted designs for the stained glass windows, Hill replied that they were, "anything but what I want," and the job went to A.B. Cutter and Company of Boston. Later, in 1889, Hill fired the architects because they had overridden his orders to the stonecutters in Massachusetts, and hired the Boston firm of Irving and Casson to finish the project. The St. Paul Pioneer Press reviewed the house just before it was completed in 1891, saying:</p><br>
<p>Solid, substantial, roomy, and comfortable is the new home of James J. Hill and family.... There has been no attempt at display, no desire to flaunt an advertisement of wealth in the eyes of the world. Just a family home... impressive, fine, even grand in the simplicity of design, but after all a St. Paul home.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior features an art gallery that housed Hill&#39;s collection of painting and sculpture. It even had a pipe organ, installed after someone suggested to Hill that other wealthy people had pipe organs in their homes. The house had a hybrid system of gas and electric lighting, with rotary switches on the walls to turn on the electric lights. However, there were no electrical outlets installed, because during that era electricity was only used for lighting. The woodwork in the house is very intricate, with hand-carved woodworking in the central hallway, the formal dining room, and the music room. Other rooms in the house, particularly on the second floor where most of the family members lived, do not have hand carved woodwork, but the woodwork is still richly colored and nicely detailed.</p><br>
<p>The first floor, in addition to the art gallery, music room, hall, and formal dining room previously mentioned, also had a library, a drawing room, and Mr. Hills home office. The second floor contained Mr. and Mrs. Hills rooms, two guest rooms, and rooms for their five daughters, Gertrude, Rachel, Clara, Ruth, and Charlotte. The third floor contained rooms for their sons James, Walter, and Louis (who later succeeded his father as president of the Great Northern Railway). It also had a room that served as a gymnasium and school room for the children, as well as quarters for the servants.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>After James J. Hill died in 1916 and his wife died in 1921, the children eventually moved out. In 1925, four of the daughters purchased the house from the estate and donated it to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The church used it for the next fifty-three years as space for offices, residences, and a teacher&#39;s college for women. Fortunately, the church preserved it well and did not make any significant alterations, although most of the original furniture was sold during this period. In 1961, the United States Department of the Interior designated the house a National Historic Landmark. The Minnesota Historical Society acquired the house in 1978, after the Archdiocese consolidated its offices elsewhere. The house has been restored and is now open for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Wick Park Historic District is a historic neighborhood on the north side of Youngstown, Ohio, with Wick Park as its centerpiece. During the first half of the 20th century, the residential district surrounding Wick Park included some of the city&#39;s most affluent neighborhoods. The district is "roughly bounded by 5th Ave, Park Ave, Elm St. and Broadway".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the era of industrialization, Youngstowns wealthiest business leaders and professionals migrated away from the downtown to the wooded areas near the citys northern border. These semi-suburban neighborhoods were secluded from the noisy activity of the citys steel mills and retail businesses. Wick Avenue is sometimes described as Youngstowns version of Euclid Avenue (Clevelands Millionaires Row), or Fifth Avenue in New York City: it was home to the community&#39;s most established families.</p><br>
<p>Although some of these mansions have survived, few are currently used for residential purposes. Youngstown State University, whose campus is located south of Wick Park, purchased several of these homes and renovated them for administrative use. One campus-area mansion now holds the Arms Family Museum of Local History.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding features</h2><br>
<p>Running through the western portion of the district is Fifth Avenue, which is lined with stately homes that were built by members of the area&#39;s elite. The most well-preserved of these homes are located along the upper reaches of the street, near Gypsy Lane, in the North Heights neighborhood. On the western edge of Wick Park, on Fifth Avenue, stands the Neoclassical landmark Stambaugh Auditorium, which is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent landmark located south of the Wick Park Historic District is the former Pollock estate, which sits along the main artery of Wick Avenue. Restored and expanded in the 1980s, the mansion was turned into an upscale hotel known as the Wick-Pollock Inn. Since the hotel&#39;s closure in the late 1990s, the university allowed the renovated structure to sit vacant. However, in February 2010, the YSU Board of Trustees voted to restore the home and designate it as the official residence of the university president. YSU students have led recent efforts to restore the historic sunken garden located behind the structure.</p><br>
<p>The George J. Renner, Jr. House, a house listed individually on the National Register, is also included in the district.</p><br>
<h2>Revitalization</h2><br>
<p>Wick Park occupies a central portion of the district and is maintained by the Youngstown Department of Parks and Recreation. A recent effort to revitalize the park is being led by a coalition of local organizations including the City of Youngstown, Youngstown CityScape, Youngstown State University, the Wick Park Neighborhood Association and Treez Please ().</p><br>
<p>Albion State Normal School was a public institution of higher learning in Albion, Idaho. It was established by the Idaho Legislature in 1893, as one of two normal schools in the state.  Citizens of Albion had actively lobbied for the school&#39;s establishment, and donated land and labor for the new campus.</p><br>
<p>The school remained a small institution throughout its history, focusing on the training of teachers and drawing its student body primarily from south-central Idaho. Albion Normal offered a two-year teacher training program until 1947, when it was renamed Southern Idaho College of Education (SICE) and authorized to confer baccalaureate degrees. The school remained troubled by low enrollment and a lack of funding, however, and was finally closed by the state in 1951, as was Lewiston&#39;s NICE. The academic programs at Albion were transferred to Idaho State College (now Idaho State University) in Pocatello.</p><br>
<h2>Swanger Hall</h2><br>
<p>Swanger Hall, on the campus of Albion State Normal School in Albion, Idaho, was built in 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Degrees</h2><br>
<p>During its existence, Albion Normal awarded some 6,460 degrees. Perhaps its most notable alumnus was Terrel Bell (1921&ndash;96), the Secretary of Education (1981&ndash;84) in President Reagan&#39;s original cabinet.</p><br>
<p>The college&#39;s athletic teams were known as the "Teachers" until 1935, when they became the "Panthers." School colors were cardinal and black, and the annual student yearbook was called The Sage.</p><br>
<p>After SICE closed in 1951, the campus remained vacant until 1957, when Magic Valley Christian College opened at the site. Magic Valley Christian, in turn, closed in 1969. The campus was deeded to the city of Albion the following year, which continued to maintain the grounds while alternative uses for the property were explored. Finally, the empty and deteriorating property was sold at public auction on June 2, 2007; The Mortensen family were successful with a bid of $810,000. The new owners have begun rehabilitating a portion of the campus to serve as a conference and retreat center, called "Campus Grove at Albion."</p><br>
<p>The campus was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 1980. Its elevation is 4,750 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>On Television</h2><br>
<p>The Albion State Normal School campus was featured on a season 15 episode of Ghost Adventures. GAC investigated Comish Hall, Miller Hall and the gymnasium building.</p><br>
<p>Moores Creek Bridge is an historic single span reinforced concrete bridge located on North 2nd Street between Avenues B and C in Fort Pierce, Florida. Including run up, it is 46 feet long. It is known locally as the Tickle Tummy Bridge or Tickle Tummy Hill because of its high arch relative to its short length. On August 17, 2001, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1925 Moores Creek Bridge was built by the Luten Bridge Company of Palatka, Florida to connect a residential section of Fort Pierce to the downtown and waterfront districts. It replaced a previous wooden bridge and is one of 15 concrete arch bridges dating from Florida&#39;s early 20th century land-boom era.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was retrofitted in 1997 by the joint efforts of Fort Pierce Main Street, the City of Fort Pierce and the Florida Department of Transportation. It reopened on December 7, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Cheam Peak or Mount Cheam .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cheam&#39;s structure is pyramidal, with north, northwest, south and east faces. While the north face is the steepest, the northwest face is also sheer. A prominent spur ending in the sub peak called "Red Pyramid" or "Red Tower" (1,400 m) divides the two northern faces. The western ridge divides the northwest and south faces; below the gently sloping south face is the subalpine bowl of Spoon Lake. The southeast ridge ascends from the col with Lady Peak, two km to the southeast; Jones Lake is below the east face. A sharp ridge divides the east and north faces.</p><br>
<p>Cheam is the farthest northerly peak of a small group of peaks forming a local subrange, the Cheam Range, a small group of peaks forming a local subrange of the Skagit Range of the Canadian Cascades mountains (which are the Canadian extension of the North Cascades of Washington). It dominates the eastern Fraser Valley, rising above Bridal Falls and Agassiz just east of Chilliwack, British Columbia. It and three sister peaks form a group known as the Four Sisters or Four Brothers, which are part of the mountain wall framing the Lower Mainland; though visible from as far away as Vancouver Island on a clear day, like Cheam does for the Eastern Valley, they are a dominant part of the mountain skyline of Mission and the communities of Hatzic, Dewdney and Deroche. Behind them is Wahleach Lake, which begins at the east foot of Cheam and lies in a high-altitude valley ringed by the Cheam Range. The far east ridge of Cheam is not alpine and is heavily forested and is pierced by the BC Hydro diversion tunnel to Wahleach Powerhouse, which is in the area of the Trans-Canada Highway that Cheam first becomes visible coming from the east. A few miles east along the highway the highway&#39;s course diverts around the foot of another mountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cheam Peak was part of the oral history of the Sto:lo peoples. The Halkomelem name for the peak, Theeth-uhl-kay, means "the source" or "the place from which the waters spring." For the Sto:lo, the peak is the "mother mountain" or old woman overlooking her children dwelling in the valley. Lady Peak, to the south is the old woman&#39;s dog. Cheam, the official name of the peak, is said to be the Halkomelem word for "wild strawberries," though the British Columbia Geographical Names Office description says that name is a reference to the lowland below. This describes the ridge that includes Cheam and Lady Peaks, and the lower slopes around Spoon Lake and upper Airplane Creek.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent of the mountain was in 1888 by A. O. Campbell, Ebe B. Knight and party.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The north face, plunging 2,000 m to the valley floor, has rarely been climbed. However, an easy trail provides access to the summit from a subalpine bowl to the southwest.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>The trailhead to Cheam Peak, is via decommissioned logging roads accessible from Chilliwack Lake Road on the south side of Cheam. Access without a four-wheel drive vehicle is impossible. From the trailhead, a 3.8 km trail leads through subalpine meadows and then ascends, moderately steeply, 632 m to the peak. The summit offers views of the Fraser Valley to the north and west and of the Cheam Range and North Cascade mountains to the south.</p><br>
<p>One can also access Lady Peak via a route that begins about halfway up the Cheam Peak Trail.</p><br>
<p>Huntridge Theater sometimes known as the Huntridge Performing Arts Theater is a Streamline Moderne building located in Las Vegas, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by S. Charles Lee.</p><br>
<p>First opened as a cinema, the theater also hosted stage performances and was a concert venue in its last years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began with a ground breaking announced in the Las Vegas Review Journal on April 6, 1944. The theater opening on October 10, 1944. It was operated by the Commonwealth Theater Company of Las Vegas, and later the Huntridge Theater Company of Las Vegas. Both companies were headed Thomas Oakey of Las Vegas. The Huntridge Theater Company, which took ownership in 1951, was partially owned by actresses Loretta Young and Irene Dunne. The theater was built on land which had been owned by international business magnate Leigh S. J. Hunt, before he left it to his son Henry Leigh Hunt in 1933. The Huntridge Theater and the surrounding Huntridge subdivision are named after the Hunt family.</p><br>
<p>The theater is said to have been the first non-segregated theater in Las Vegas.</p><br>
<p>The theater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>On July 28, 1995, the punk rock group Circle Jerks were to perform at the theater. Several hours before they were to arrive, the roof of the theater collapsed. There were no serious injuries. Lead singer Keith Morris would later comment, "As soon as we got there, we were told that the roof had collapsed and the show was canceled. We didn&#39;t have anywhere else to go, so we just set up our equipment in the parking lot and played for the 30 or 40 people who were still there."</p><br>
<p>While attempting to save the theater, it was operated by the non-profit Friends of the Huntridge Theatre, Inc. which dissolved in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Huntridge Theater closed on July 31, 2004, almost 60 years after it opened.</p><br>
<p>The property is controlled by the Mizrachi family of Las Vegas, which owns a furniture store occupying a part of the property which used to house a bank.</p><br>
<p>Since July 2012, a local nonprofit organization called The Huntridge Foundation has been working to preserve the architectural integrity, history and culture of the Huntridge Theater and the surrounding community. The nonprofit conducts oral history interviews of longtime Las Vegans who experienced the theater when it was open, collects theater memorabilia and photographs for a historic archives collection to be donated to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Libraries Special Collections Department upon completion, among other activities.</p><br>
<p>As of April 2013, a potential redevelopment project has started and the theater has received new paint and exterior restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>In 2015, a Las Vegas record label emerged with the name Huntridge Records, in order to commemorate the historic theater. The label is based out of 11th Street Records, and it has signed one band, named The American Weather.</p><br>
<p>Fort Inge was a frontier fort in Uvalde County, Texas, United States. Established as Camp Leona on March 13, 1849, it was garrisoned intermittently until March 19, 1869. The fort served as a base for United States Army troops assigned to protect the southern overland mail route along the San Antonio-El Paso Road from Indian raids. The camp was renamed Fort Inge in honor of Lieutenant Zebulon M. P. Inge a West Point officer killed in the Mexican–American War. Other forts in the frontier fort system were Forts Griffin, Concho, Belknap, Chadbourne, Fort Stockton, Fort Davis, Fort Bliss, Fort Mason, McKavett, Clark, Fort McIntosh, Richardson and Phantom Hill in Texas, and Fort Sill in Oklahoma. There were "sub posts or intermediate stations" including Bothwick&#39;s Station on Salt Creek between Fort Richardson and Fort Belknap, Camp Wichita near Buffalo Springs between Fort Richardson and Red River Station, and Mountain Pass between Fort Concho and Fort Griffin.</p><br>
<p>There were two wooden barracks with thatched roofs that quartered the soldiers assigned to the fort. There was also a large limestone building that served as commissary and later a hospital. The buildings at Ft. Inge were never sufficient for the troops stationed there, probably because this post was never determined by the Army to be a permanent post. It was started in 1849 but abandoned in the spring of 1851. It was reoccupied that same summer and occupied until 1855 when it was abandoned again. It was reoccupied a third time in 1856 but was abandoned in 1861 to Confederate States Army troops.</p><br>
<p>The United States Army regarrisoned the fort until March 19, 1869, when the garrison was transferred to Fort McKavett. The army recovered materials from the site to use for additions to nearby Fort Clark. Fort Inge then saw use as a camp by the Texas Rangers until 1884.</p><br>
<p>The fort was surrounded on three sides by a stacked stone wall added approximately at the time of the Civil War. The wall was dismantled in 1874 and the stone used to build a dam on the Leona River. The wall was relaid along its original lines in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II was posted to Fort Inge in the early 1850s, and his letters from there are preserved by the Maryland Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the site became the Fort Inge Historical Site County Park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.Staff Writer.</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places. Accessed April 17, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-17. The site is located on the Leona River and is dominated by the 140 ft high remains of an extinct volcano named Mount Inge.</p><br>
<h2>Major Neighbors</h2><br>
<p>Robert Neighbors arrived at the fort on 7 April 1854, investigating Indian depredations and found the raiding party consisted of twelve Tonkawas, two of which were killed and nine turned over to the fort. Neighbors also freed the Lipan Chief Chiquito and his men from the guard house, and charged Indian Agent Howard with "dereliction of duty" for their false arrest and mismanagement of the Indian situation.</p><br>
<p>The Sea of Zanj  is a former name for that portion of the western Indian Ocean adjacent to the region in the African Great Lakes referred to by medieval Arab geographers as Zanj. The Sea of Zanj was deemed a fearful zone by Arab mariners and legends regarding dangers in the waters abounded, especially near its far southern limits.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The term was applied to the sea expanses near the eastern portion of the African continent known by ancient Muslim travelers and chroniclers such as Al Masudi and Ibn Batuta.</p><br>
<p>Although geographically insufficiently defined, the area of the Sea of Zanj included a vast maritime region roughly stretching as far as ancient navigators reached on their dhows. Subject to Monsoon wind variations, the Sea of Zanj was located to the south of the Erythraean Sea. It stretched off the coast of Southeast Africa as far south as the Mozambique Channel, including the Comoros and the waters off the eastern coast of Madagascar. On its eastern side the sea extended west of the Seychelles and to the northwest of the islands of the Mascarenes.</p><br>
<p>The River Skerne is a tributary of the River Tees. It flows through County Durham in England.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Skerne is about 25 mi long and begins in magnesian limestone hills between Trimdon and Trimdon Grange and ends at Hurworth Place where it joins the River Tees. Three miles after the source the Skerne is joined by Hurworth Burn and enters Hurworth Burn Reservoir on the borders of Stockton-on-Tees and County Durham. On leaving the reservoir, the Skerne heads south-west towards Sedgefield. It flows through farmland between Fishburn and Sedgefield and it seems likely that the Skerne is "the fish-stream" that gives Fishburn its name.</p><br>
<p>Three miles west of Fishburn, it is crossed by the A1(M) motorway near Bradbury interchange. At this point the Skerne takes a southerly course and, for about five miles (8 km) as far south as Aycliffe, it runs roughly parallel to the motorway and the East Coast Main Line. A number of smaller tributaries join the Skerne in the area and often form little islands like the Great Isle and Little Isle near Bradbury. One major tributary of the Skerne is the Woodham Burn, which rises near Shildon and flows through Newton Aycliffe.</p><br>
<p>The Skerne skirts the village of Aycliffe before crossing under the motorway near its junction with the A167. After this it passes close to Brafferton and the farmland where the famous Durham Ox was bred, before heading for Barmpton, Great Burdon and Haughton-le-Skerne on the outskirts of Darlington, The Skerne then flows underneath 17 bridges in Darlington. The river lends its name to the Skerne Park estate in Darlington.</p><br>
<p>To the south of Darlington the Skerne passes through South Park, and then, after flowing under the A66 bridge, leaves the town to flow through countryside for its last two miles (3 km), before joining the Tees at Hurworth Place.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>from source</p><br>
<p>Fishburn</p><br>
<p>Bishop Middleham</p><br>
<p>Bradbury</p><br>
<p>Newton Aycliffe</p><br>
<p>Aycliffe Village</p><br>
<p>Brafferton</p><br>
<p>Barmpton</p><br>
<p>Great Burdon</p><br>
<p>Haughton-le-Skerne</p><br>
<p>Darlington</p><br>
<p>Hurworth Place</p><br>
<p>(Joins River Tees)</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The River Skerne underwent a comprehensive restoration scheme between 1995 and 1998 as part of an EU-LIFE demonstration project carried out by the River Restoration Project (now The River Restoration Centre). A 2 km stretch of the river running through the town of Darlington was improved including the formation of four new meanders, planting to strengthen banks, reshaping and narrowing of the bed, installation of footpaths and a planting scheme aimed to "bring the countryside into town".</p><br>
<p>Mount Parker, locally known as Melibengoy, is a stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines . It is located in the province of South Cotabato, 30 km west of General Santos City and 44 km south of Koronadal City.</p><br>
<p>The volcanos English name is taken from an American General, General Frank Parker, who spotted the mountain and claimed to have "discovered" it during a flight he piloted in 1934. General Parker led an expedition up to the lake in the mountains crater with other US colonial and Filipino government officials, including Vice-Governor-General Joseph Ralston Hayden and Provincial Governor Gutierrez, in the fall of 1934.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>The elevation is given as 1,784 m by some sources and as 1,824 m by others. The volcano has an elevation of and a base diameter of 40 km. It has a 2.9 km wide caldera with steep walls that rise 200-500m above the lake that is now called Lake Maughan. The lake, which is officially called Lake Holon, was named after another American who was with Parker when he crashed.</p><br>
<p>Melibengoy is considered one of the sacred places of the T&#39;boli tribe. It hosts a rare species, Parantica dannatti reyesi, a butterfly related to the monarch, which was discovered by the late Professor Josue de los Reyes of Notre Dame of Marbel University and published in the entomological journal of Senckerburg Research Institute in December 1994.</p><br>
<p>Government officials have also confirmed sightings of the Philippine tarsier, Tarsius syrichta which can supposedly be found in the barangays surrounding Lake Holon.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptions</h2><br>
<p>Mount Parker is believed to have erupted thrice over the past 3,800 years, the last one on January 4, 1641. The 1641 eruption caused the formation of the crater lake.</p><br>
<p>On September 6, 1995, local officials reported what they believed was volcanic activity at Lake Maughan. The alleged activity caused landslides and floodings along Ga-o River which drains Lake Maughan and joins Allah River in the north. Due to this phenomenon, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology installed monitoring equipment which established that the so-called activity was man-made.</p><br>
<p>Less than a year after the 1995 activity, a temporary dam was formed at about 250 m from the outlet of Lake Maughan, alarming the residents within the area due to fear of flashfloods. The deposited debris dammed the flowing Ga-o River and caused the lake level to rise by about 6 meters.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake Park is a park located along Mount Evans Scenic Byway about 64 miles  west of Denver, Colorado. The park is 160 acres  in size and contains alpine tundra. Land to the east of the lake is in a state of permafrost which helps to prevent drainage of the area. During the summer, the park is filled with wildflowers, some of which have not been found anywhere else outside of the Arctic Circle. The park is named after Summit Lake, the headwaters of Bear Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Summit Lake</h2><br>
<p>Summit Lake is a tarn which sits at 12,836 feet (3,912 m) altitude in a glacial cirque on the north face of Mount Evans and the east face of Mount Spalding. To the north, there is a col (12,855 feet/3918 m altitude) looking down into the chain of two cirques holding the Chicago Lakes at the headwaters of Chicago Creek. By one count that includes several unnamed lakes, Summit Lake is the 13th highest lake in the United States. In 1915, the USGS reported that Summit Lake was the highest lake in Colorado, at 12,740 feet. Later secondary sources occasionally report it as the highest lake in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The land was acquired by Denver in 1924 and incorporated into the Denver Mountain Parks system.</p><br>
<p>Kerr Lake /kɑr/  is a reservoir along the border of the USA states of North Carolina and Virginia. It is impounded by the John H. Kerr Dam, constructed between 1947 and 1952 to produce electricity and to provide flood control. Kerr Lake is owned by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and is the largest reservoir in Virginia. It is located in parts of Vance, Granville, and Warren counties in North Carolina, and Mecklenburg, Charlotte, and Halifax counties in Virginia. At its maximum capacity, it is one of the largest reservoirs in the Southeastern United States, covering approximately 50,000 acre and bordered by over 850 mi of shoreline. The lake is named for Congressman John H. Kerr of North Carolina, who supported the original creation of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is an impoundment of the Roanoke River (also called the Staunton River in Virginia). The Dan River and several smaller creeks also feed the lake. The lake is upstream of Lake Gaston. Just downstream from the John H. Kerr Dam, and visible from the viewing platform below the dam at Tailrace Park, lies Buggs Island, named for Samuel Bugg, an early settler. North Carolinians know this body of water as Kerr Lake, while Virginians know it as Buggs Island Lake or Buggs Island Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The large lake is widely popular with both North Carolinians and Virginians for fishing and recreational purposes. For fishing, the lake has an abundance of large-mouth bass, striped bass (the only certified lake in Virginia to have a naturally reproducing population), crappie, catfish and bluegill. Camping is also a popular activity, with many campsites (run by the Army Corps of Engineers, North Carolina State Parks and Virginia State Parks) lining the shore including Kimball Point, North Bend Park, County Line, Hibernia, and others. Campsites for both tents and RVs are available. Jet-skiing and water-tubing occur often on the lake. Recreational motor boating and sailing also occur on the lake, with three privately operated marinas available: Steele Creek and Satterwhite Point in North Carolina, and Clarksville in Virginia. These marinas have rental slips for sail and motor boats, with additional amenities including fuel docks, marina stores, and some organized yacht clubs. The Carolina Sailing Club stages monthly regattas for several one-design sailing classes from April through October.</p><br>
<p>The Col dAubisque   is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees 30 km south of Tarbes and Pau in the department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Aquitaine region of France.</p><br>
<p>The pass is on the northern slopes of the Pic de Ger (2,613 m) and connects Laruns, in the valley of the Gave d&#39;Ossau, via Eaux-Bonnes (west) to Argelès-Gazost, in the valley of the Gave de Pau, via the Col du Soulor (east). The road crosses the Cirque du Litor, in the upper part of the Ouzom valley. It is generally closed from December to June.</p><br>
<p>The pass is starting point of excursions and a centre for winter sports. In summer, it is popular with cyclists. It is regularly part of the Tour de France, generally rated an hors catégorie climb.</p><br>
<h2>The col</h2><br>
<p>The summit of the col is marked by a commemorative plaque to André Bach (1888–1945), a member of Legion of Honour and President of the Cyclo Club of Béarn (C.C.B.). André Bach was mutilated during World War 1 when he lost his left arm in 1916. In 1943 he was deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, and he died in May 1945 at Boulay-Moselle while returning home. The stele was inaugurated on 26 September 1948, and every year is the focus of a memorial ride.</p><br>
<p>The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>André Bach 1888-1945</p><br>
<p>Officier de la Légion d&#39;honneur</p><br>
<p>Grand mutilé - Président du C.C.B. - Mort en Déportation</p><br>
<p>Pour perpétuer son souvenir en ce lieu qu&#39;il aimait tant</p><br>
<p>Ses amis Les Cyclotouristes du C.C.B. 1948</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>From the west, the climb to the Aubisque starts in Laruns. From there, the Aubisque is 16.6 km and rises 1,190 m, an average gradient of 7.2%. The first few kilometres, to the spa resort of Eaux-Bonnes, are fairly easy. After the Cascade de Valentin comes a section at 13%. From there to the top, the climb is 8.0 km at 8% average, passing the ski resort of Gourette at 1,400 m.</p><br>
<p>The east side is climbed after the Col du Soulor (1,474 m). Starting from Argelès-Gazost, the Soulor is 19.5 km. It rises 1,019 m, an average gradient of 5.2%. It gets tougher after Arrens-Marsous with 10% and more. From the Soulor, the climb is 10.6 km, gaining a further 235 m. The road from the Soulor runs along cliffs in the Cirque du Litor, where there are two short, narrow tunnels. From the Cirque du Litor, the climb is 7.5 km at 4.6%, a height gain of 350 m.</p><br>
<p>Writing in Vélo, Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle said:</p><br>
<p>The Aubisque is one of those hors catégorie cols that make the legend of the Tour. The climb is in three parts. The first is fairly easy. The road is good and the specialists use 39 × 19 or 53 × 21. Then, at Eaux-Bonnes, you turn left and get to the real climb. This part, as far as Gourette, is a lot more difficult. The hardest part swings between eight and ten per cent from the seventh kilometre until Pont-du-Goua at the ninth kilometre and you need 39 × 21. Then, after 300m of flat in Gourette, a hairpin goes up to the Hôtel des Crêtes Blanches. Riders use 39 × 17 over four kilometres before going into 39 × 16 in the last two kilometres.</p><br>
<h2>Tour de France</h2><br>
<p>The Col dAubisque appeared in the Tour de France in 1910, crossed by François Lafourcade. It has appeared frequently since then, more than once every two years. It was included at the insistence of Alphone Steinès, a colleague of Henri Desgrange at the Tour de France. Steinès visited the man responsible for local roads, the ingénieur des ponts-et-chaussées, who said: "Take the riders up the Aubisque? Youre completely crazy in Paris." Steinès agreed that the Tour would pay 5,000 francs to clear the pass. Desgrange knocked the price down to 2,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, Wim van Est was in the yellow jersey – the first Dutchman to wear it and chasing the leaders towards the Soulor when he slipped on gravel and fell into a ravine. He said:</p><br>
<p>The teams manager, Kees Pellenaars, took a tow rope from the Dutch teams car. It was too short to reach van Est and so to it he tied 40 racing tyres. It was like that that he was pulled out. Van Est said: "It was all the tyres that Pellenaars had for the team. By the time theyd tugged me up, they were all stretched and they wouldnt stay on the wheels any more! Forty tyres! I wanted to get back on my bike and start racing again. But I couldn&#39;t. Pellenaars stopped the whole team."</p><br>
<p>Van Est told journalists: "I had the feeling that I was taking that bend badly but I so much wanted to keep the yellow jersey, so I went flat out and off I flew. A monument spot 50 years later, on 17 July 2001, says: "Here on 17 July 1951 the cyclist Wim van Est fell 70 metres. He survived but lost the yellow jersey." A newspaper advertisement in the Netherlands showed van Est displaying the watch that he&#39;d worn, with the legend: "My heart stopped, but not my Pontiac."</p><br>
<h3>Tour de France stage finishes</h3><br>
<p>Stage 16 of the 2007 Tour de France finished at the summit of the Aubisque. There has been one previous finish at the summit (in 1985). In 1971, stage 16a finished at Gourette on the western approaches to Aubisque.</p><br>
<p>Rasmussen won stage 16 in 2007, confirming himself as favourite for victory in Paris, but that evening was sacked by his team and thrown off the race.</p><br>
<h3>Passages in the Tour de France (since 1947)</h3><br>
<p>There have been 45 passages over the summit since 1947, making it the second most visited mountain in the race&#39;s history.</p><br>
<h2>Vuelta a España</h2><br>
<h3>Vuelta a España stage finishes</h3><br>
<p>Stage 14 of the 2016 Vuelta a España finished at the summit of the Aubisque.</p><br>
<p>Salisbury House in Des Moines, Iowa is a Tudor, Gothic and Carolean style manor home. It was built by cosmetic magnate Carl Weeks and his wife, Edith Van Slyke Weeks, between 1923 and 1928. Salisbury House was modeled after the King&#39;s House in Salisbury, England, contains 42 rooms and measures just over 22,000 ft&sup2;. The property is owned and operated by the Salisbury House Foundation and is open to the public for tours, public events, and private rentals.</p><br>
<p>Salisbury House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The listing covered a 9.4 acre area with two contributing buildings, one other contributing structure and one contributing site. Salisbury House is also on the List of Registered Historic Places in Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Timeline</h2><br>
<p>1923 to 1928: Constructed and furnished at a cost of $3 million.</p><br>
<p>1926: Carl and Edith Weeks and their four sons move into Salisbury House.</p><br>
<p>1934: Carl and Edith Weeks donate Salisbury House to Drake University; they retain ownership of the House&#39;s collections and furnishings, and pay rent to Drake as tenants until 1954.</p><br>
<p>1954: Iowa State Education Association (ISEA) purchased Salisbury House and its collections from Drake University and the Weeks Family for $180,000.</p><br>
<p>1993: Salisbury House Foundation was formed to preserve, interpret and share the property for the cultural and educational benefit of the public.</p><br>
<p>1998: Salisbury House Foundation purchased the property and collections from ISEA for $4.0 million.</p><br>
<p>1999: Operation of Salisbury House as a historic house museum began.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Weeks Family amassed extensive collections of fine art, decorative art, rare books, musical instruments, historic documents, weapons and sculpture, and most of their holdings remain in Salisbury House to this day. The Salisbury House Foundation offers various tour packages that allow visitors to experience many highlights from the Weeks Family&#39;s collections.</p><br>
<p>El Torcal de Antequera is a nature reserve in the Sierra del Torcal mountain range located south of the city of Antequera, in the province of Málaga off the A45 road in Andalusia, Spain. It is known for its unusual landforms, and is one of the most impressive karst landscapes in Europe. The area was designated a Natural Site of National Interest in July 1929, and a Natural Park Reserve of about 17 square kilometres was created in October 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Sierra del Torcal (or El Torcal) is a small mountain range separating the cities of Antequera and Málaga. It has four geological sections: Sierra Pelada, Torcal Alto, Torcal Bajo and Tajos and Laderas. The highest point in El Torcal is Camorro de las Siete Mesas (1336 m) in the Torcal Alto.</p><br>
<p>The Jurassic age limestone is about 150 million years old and was laid down in a marine corridor that extended from the Gulf of Cádiz to Alicante between the present Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. These seabeds were uplifted to an elevation of over 1300 meters during the Tertiary era, resulting in a modest mountain range of flat-lying limestone, which is rare in Andalucia. Later, a series of fractures, cracks and faults at right-angles (generally NW-SE and NE-SW) were exploited by erosion and produced the alleys between large blocks of limestone visible today. The blocks themselves have been subjected to both dissolution by water (karstification) and freeze-thaw splitting action which, working on the limestone’s horizontal beds, resulted in the various shapes visible today, many of which resemble, and have been named after, everyday objects such as the Sphinx, the Jug, the Camel, the Screw, etc. Other flat surfaces have been karstified into rugged, rocky lands where travel on foot is difficult.</p><br>
<p>Like many massive limestones, the Torcal includes caves and other underground forms, some of them of historical importance like the Cueva del Toro (Cave of the Bull) with its Neolithic artifacts. Their origins are also related to the dissolution of underground limestone by rainwater.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>El Torcal supports an impressive array of wildflowers including rock-dwellers and ocellated lizard, both endemic to El Torcal. Other life includes the Griffon vulture, the Spanish Ibex (Andalusian mountain goat), and nocturnal mammals such as badgers, weasels and rodents.</p><br>
<h2>Visitor facilities</h2><br>
<p>El Torcal is accessible by paved road from the village of Villanueva de la Concepción. A small gift shop and interpretive center at the parking area is the starting point for a short walk to an impressive viewpoint and three color-coded hiking trails of 1.5 km, 2.5 km and 4.5 km length which include many scenic viewpoints.</p><br>
<p>Because of temperature extremes, most visitation occurs in the spring and fall.</p><br>
<p>Waldo Lake is a natural alpine lake in the Cascade Mountains of the USA state of Oregon. It is the second largest natural non-alkali lake in Oregon with more than 10 square miles of water surface and a maximum depth of 420 ft. The lake is named after Oregon politician, judge, and conservationist John B. Waldo.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located in Lane County at an elevation of 5,414 ft above sea level. Access is via Forest Service Road 5897 from Oregon Route 58 approximately 18 mi east of Oakridge. The forest road travels 12 mi to the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was first inhabited by Native Americans, and the lake was later discovered by Molalla Indian Charlie Tufti. According to pioneer resident Frank S. Warner it was then named Pengra Lake after Byron J. Pengra, a pioneer railroad champion. Later the lake was named in honor of Judge John B. Waldo from the Oregon Supreme Court who helped push for preservation in the Cascades which began with the Cascade Forest Reserve established by President Cleveland in 1893. Waldo was the son of Daniel Waldo for whom the Waldo Hills are named.</p><br>
<p>The area was also used by sheep farmers for grazing prior to the establishment of recreation facilities by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression in 1939. Later facilities were built by the Forest Service in 1971.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 the lake received around 10,000 visitor days per year, and by 1989 that number increased to 32,000 per year. Between those years, in 1984, 37,000 acre to the north, west, and south were designated as the Waldo Lake Wilderness by the federal government.</p><br>
<h3>Reservoir plans</h3><br>
<p>Starting in 1905, plans were begun to use the lake as a reservoir for irrigation in the Willamette Valley.</p><br>
<p>To this end, the Waldo Lake Irrigation and Power Company was created in 1908 by several people including F.H. Ray. In 1909 a permit was issued by the Forest Service to build a tunnel from the lake to a nearby creek. Construction of the tunnel began that year and finished in 1914 under the direction of engineer Simon Klovdahl. The 500 ft tunnel was able to lower the lake level by 25 ft. However, the company was never able to prosper and the head gates on the southwest shore were sealed in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Waldo Lake has a surface area of 9.8 square miles. It has an average depth of 128 ft with a maximum depth of 420 ft. This makes Waldo the second deepest lake in the state after Crater Lake. Like Crater Lake, Waldo Lake is ultraoligotrophic (having extremely clear water with very little organic material). The lake was restocked with trout every other year, until 1990 when efforts to preserve the water clarity halted the practice. The lake has a 10 mph speed limit for boats, but in 2010 gasoline motors were banned while electric motors are still allowed.</p><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>Fishing</p><br>
<p>Boating</p><br>
<p>Hiking</p><br>
<p>Campgrounds:</p><br>
<p>North Waldo</p><br>
<p>Shadow Bay</p><br>
<p>Gold Lake</p><br>
<p>Taylor Burn</p><br>
<p>Islet</p><br>
<p>Waldo Lake is a very popular recreation site in the summer months. There are 205 designated campsites total among the campgrounds and an additional 50 primitive tent sites around the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>Besides the lake, the area includes the Waldo Lake Wilderness. Additionally, the Pacific Crest Trail passes through the area. The lake is also the source of the North Fork Middle Fork Willamette River. There are numerous alpine lakes and small mountain peaks around Waldo Lake.</p><br>
<p>Waldo Lake and the surrounding area is part of both the Willamette and Deschutes national forests.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria Museum of Art  of Alexandria, central Louisiana, United States opened its doors in 1977 in the historic Rapides Bank and Trust Company Building . Rapides Bank and Trust Company Building is a historic bank building completed in 1898 in the Renaissance Revival style, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1980. In 1998, AMoA expanded and constructed its grand foyer and offices as an annex to the Rapides Bank Building. In 1999, AMoA was honored as an Outstanding Arts Organization in the Louisiana Governor&#39;s Arts Awards. In 2007, the Museum entered into a collaborative endeavor agreement with Louisiana State University of Alexandria . AMoA now also serves as a downtown campus for LSUA classes and is host to multidisciplinary community events, including concerts and recitals, lectures, yoga classes, Second Saturday Markets, and Museum Afterhours. These events support all art forms – film, literature and poetry, songwriting and visual arts. in downtown Alexandria, Louisiana.left</p><br>
<p>The Museum holds between five and seven exhibitions each year, displaying a variety of historic and contemporary subjects. AMoA offers multidisciplinary programming surrounding every exhibit, including lectures and master classes on the subject of or in the medium of the exhibit. Additionally AMoA engages elementary-aged Rapides Parish students by offering the ArtExpress program, a free-to-schools initiative that puts resident artist educators and museum staff in classrooms around the parish for arts-integrated lessons. The Art2Go program provides hands on visual art workshops free to elementary school teachers to support the Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education requirements to provide 1 hour per week of visual arts instruction in the classroom and are taught by certified art teachers. The Museum also offers summer workshops for elementary and middle school students and provides arts activities in the Bolton Avenue Community Center afterschool program.</p><br>
<p>The Museum is located at 933 Second Street in downtown Alexandria. It is open Tuesday-Friday 10am-5pm</p><br>
<p>and Saturday 10am-4pm.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House is an historic house at 641 Harris Avenue in northwestern Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The 1906 house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House was constructed in 1906 for two elderly sisters, Mary F. Smith (née Ballou) and Sarah J. Ballou. This 5,000 ft&sup2, three-story house combines Queen Anne and Arts & Crafts style influences, and retains a high degree of integrity of both design and materials. In the first 100 years, the house was owned and occupied by five families. The house initially stood on 5 acre of land, subdivided in 1938 such that the house now stands on approximately two acres.</p><br>
<p>The house was surrounded by Norway Spruce and Blue Spruce trees. One of the trees was removed in 2007 due to infestation; a ring count confirmed that the tree was of the same age as the house. Only one Blue Spruce remains, though new plantings will eventually result in a return of the original landscaping. Extensive restoration was conducted in the early 2000s including repointing of the three chimneys and the 19-inch-thick granite foundation, new copper and slate on roof structures, and re-leading of the stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The house immediately to the south of the Smith–Ballou House is one of only two on the block that predate this house; it was built by Mary F. Smiths son (and Sarah J. Ballous nephew), Stanley G. Smith. The two homes occupy a prominent hilltop location; siting, orientation, and outdoor living spaces suggest that the house originally commanded extensive views overlooking the west and south.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The original color of the house was black stained cedar shakes for the siding with white trim.</p><br>
<p>Tubabao is an island off the southeastern point of Samar Island. It is one of the islands comprising the town of Guiuan in the province of Eastern Samar, in east central Philippines.</p><br>
<h2>Refugees from Russia</h2><br>
<p>Tubabao was used by the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in 1949 and 1950 to provide a temporary refuge for 5,000 Russian refugees escaping from China.</p><br>
<p>The Russians were survivors of the Bolshevik Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War of 1919-1920, when the Tsarist autocracy was overthrown by the socialists. Some Russians managed to escape and took refuge in foreign lands.</p><br>
<p>Many of them moved to China, especially Harbin and Shanghai. Most of these refugees survived the Second World War but the communists took power in China and thus the IRO requested all countries around the world to provide accommodation to the Russians. The Philippines volunteered, and offered the Tubabao Island.</p><br>
<p>The Russian refugees later were granted to stay in the United States, Australia, Canada and South American countries. Most refugees became citizens of the countries in which they settled.</p><br>
<p>The Green Shack was a restaurant located on Fremont Street in Las Vegas, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. It was opened by Mattie Jones and was famous for its fried chicken.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1929 and known as the Colorado when it opened on Christmas Eve 1929, the Green Shack had previously been the Swanky Club. With the addition of an old Union Pacific Railroad barracks for expansion, it was renamed Green Shack in 1932. The green paint on the addition was the source of the new name.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Green Shack closed in May 1999 by Jim and Barbara McCormick who were the owners, and was demolished several years later. When it closed, the Green Shack was the oldest restaurant in Las Vegas.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mendocino is a large reservoir in Mendocino County, California, northeast of Ukiah. It covers 1,922 acre The dam also includes a fallout shelter built during the Cold War era to protect against the radiation from nuclear attacks.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Lake Mendocino is administered by the USA Army Corps of Engineers and offers disc golf, boating, water skiing, fishing, camping, and hiking.</p><br>
<p>There are 300+ campsites plus a small number of boat-in only sites. Three groups of campsites are named in the Pomo language of the local native people.</p><br>
<p>There are two boat ramps, at the north and south ends of the lake, and use for watersports is permitted. The lake also has numerous day use and picnic areas. Several hiking trails traverse the length of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Coyote Dam</h2><br>
<p>Coyote Dam (or Coyote Valley Dam) is an earthen dam 164 ft high, 3,532 ft long, and 20 ft wide, with a total volume of 6,150,000 cubic yards. It was built as a flood control project by the USA Army Corps of Engineers. Completed in 1959, it sits across the East Fork of the Russian River, which is the primary source of inflow to the lake. The dam offers public access by foot. The purpose of the dam was to prevent flooding in the Ukiah valley, and provide a water supply for Sonoma county. During the Cold War it served as a fallout shelter in the case of a nuclear attack, which remains today at the dam with a radioactive symbol. There is also an hydroelectric dam controlled by the army corps of engineers including flood supply, which provides energy for the surrounding cities.</p><br>
<h2>Coyote Valley</h2><br>
<p>Beneath the surface of the lake lies the old Coyote Valley. With the construction of the dam, the Army Corps had to relocate the residents of the valley, along with a short portion of State Route 20 which was subsequently inundated.</p><br>
<p>The Mallos de Riglos  are a set of conglomerate rock formations, located in the municipality of Las Peñas de Riglos, in the Hoya de Huesca comarca, in Aragon, Spain. They are located near Las Peñas de Riglos some 45 km  to the northwest of the city of Huesca. Rising to some 300 metres  high , they form part of the foothills of the Pyrenees.</p><br>
<p>The Mallos were formed when eroded material washed down from the slopes of the Pyrenees and became cemented together by limestone. Over time, this mixture became compacted into a large mass of conglomerate rock. Eventually, erosion wore away the softer, more porous parts of the conglomerate. The more resistant rock remained, and became the formations known as the Mallos de Riglos.</p><br>
<p>Because of their relatively vertical sides, the Mallos de Riglos are a popular destination for climbers.</p><br>
<p>Varahi River, also called Halady River, flows through Western Ghats in the Indian state of Karnataka. It joins the sea via Halady, Basrur, Kundapur and Gungulli. It joins with the Souparnika River, Kedaka River, Chakra River, and Kubja River and merges into the Arabian Sea. According to mythology, Varaha is one of the incarnations of Lord Vishnu. Varahi is consort of Varaha.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The river originates in the Western Ghats and flows into the Arabian sea. It is originates at a place called “Hebbagilu” near Agumbe in Thirthahalli taluk in the district of Shivamogga, from an elevation of 730 m above mean sea level. Many tributaries join Varahi at places such as Shettykoppa, Halige, Kollavadi, and Bangaragalli. The annual rainfall varies from 20 -. The river joins the Arabian sea near Kundapura in the district of Udupi in Karnataka.</p><br>
<h2>Kunchikal Falls</h2><br>
<p>The major waterfall is in Hosanagara Taluk, Shimoga. It is about 25 km from the origin of the river. There are falls of 455 m in cascades, popularly known as Kunchikal Falls. The falls do not directly drop, but jump through rocks and boulders. After construction of the dam near Mani village for Varahi Hydro electric project, the water flow in these falls was greatly reduced. Now the falls operate only during the rainy seasons.</p><br>
<h2>Varahi Hydro-electric Project</h2><br>
<p>A hydroelectric dam, called Mani Dam (as it is constructed near Manibail village),</p><br>
<p>across the Varahi river. Power generation takes place underground.Forest biodiversity, Volume 1 by Sadasivam Kannaiyan.Associated Pub.Co. (2008) Page.127.</p><br>
<p>https://books.google.com/books?id=Qb0sAQAAMAAJ&q=haladi+kundapur&dq=haladi+kundapur&source=bl&ots=yvtkAIEAaQ&sig=DJxzDCa8gXIl30XD0wyPSzsi9Gc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3jAWUNvyAcnPrQeYkIH4Cg&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCDgK An underground power station built by KPCL uses water from this river near Hosangadi in Udupi district. The dam is near Yadur near Masthikatte, Shimoga District. Many villages got surrounded by water of this dam. Varahi lift irrigation project, using the waters of Varahi river is being constructed since 1979 near Siddapura village of Udupi district.</p><br>
<p>Vranjina  is a settlement, an island and a hill in Skadar Lake, in the Montenegrin municipality of Podgorica. Until the first half of the 18th century Vranjina, like other islands of Skadar lake, was one of the hills in the Zeta—Skadar lowlands.</p><br>
<h2>About the island</h2><br>
<p>Created by a delta of the Morača River, the island is in the northern part of the lake. It has an area of 4.6 km and its highest point is at 296 meters, making it the highest island in Montenegro. The island is connected to the mainland by a bridge, towards Podgorica, and a causeway, across the lake towards Bar.</p><br>
<p>Vranjina Monastery is a well-known feature of the island. According to the legend, the island had different name before the monastery has been built. When Ilarion Šišojević, the first metropolitan bishop of the Zetan Orthodox Metropolitanate, started the construction of the monastery he decided that the island will be named against the first bird he would notice. It was a crow (Врана).</p><br>
<p>Vranjina town, on the shores of the Skadar lake, is called the Montenegrin Venice because of its natural setting. It is a popular fishing spot. Several fish restaurants located on the island include Plantaže restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Notable local landmarks include the so-called "house of Oso Kuka", named after an Ottoman border guard of Albanian descent who died on the island in a fight against Montenegrin forces in 1862.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
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